认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

目的：已有研究证明，老年人的睡眠状况影响其认知功能。人类婴儿时期的睡眠节律是多相睡眠，即每天进行多次睡眠；成年人类的睡眠节律是单相睡眠，即在夜间进行睡眠。午睡作为一种特殊的睡眠方式，是成人由于地域、环境和风俗等原因，自发选择形成的一种习惯。在老年人当中，关于午睡是否影响认知功能，以往研究主要考察了单次午睡与认知功能的关系，或是考察午睡与夜间睡眠的关系。然而，尚无研究关注长期的习惯性午睡与认知功能的关系。基于此，本研究考察了自成年起的各个阶段是否午睡，以及午睡频率对老年人认知功能的影响。
方法：本研究在北京三个市辖区的老年人当中随机取样，共包含619 名健康被试。首先，采用问卷法调查老人各个时期的午睡情况；然后，使用简易精神状态量表、词对联想学习测验、听觉词语学习测验、数字广度测验以及言语流畅性测验考察老年人的认知功能。按照各个时期是否有午睡习惯，将老年人区分为青年期午睡组（202 名）和非午睡（417 名）、中年期午睡组（266 名）和非午睡组（353 名）、老年期午睡组（487 名）和非午睡组（132 名）；随后根据每位被试各个时期午睡的频率，按照每星期午睡是否大于三天，将被试分为青年期低频午睡组（486 名）和高频午睡组（133 名）、中年期低频午睡组（426 名）和高频午睡组（193 名）、老年期低频午睡组（208 名）和高频午睡组（411 名）。通过比较各个时期午睡组与非午睡组、高频午睡组与低频午睡组在各项认知能力测验成绩，考察习惯性午睡与老年人认知功能的关系。
结果：（1）在老年期午睡情况上，午睡组在词对联想学习测验上的成绩的得分显著高于非午睡组，且高频午睡组得分显著高于低频组。（2）在青年期、中年期的午睡情况上，午睡组和非午睡组以及高频午睡组和低频组在各项认知成绩上没有显著差异。
结论：老年期的午睡习惯影响老年人的情节记忆功能。在老年时期养成午睡习惯，可以考虑作为一种积极的健康生活方式进行倡导。

Numbers of studies have confirmed that sleep condition affects their cognitive function in the elderly. Nap is a special way of sleeping and a habit formed by spontaneous choice after adult humans’ polyphasic sleep rhythms converted to monophasic sleep rhythms due to the region, environment, and custom. Current studies on nap found that nap had a promoting effect for cognitive function of human.
However, research for nap are less among the older adults and most of the previous studies investigated the relationship between the single-nap and cognitive function or investigated the relationship between nap and nocturnal sleep. Nap as a lifestyle, now there are few studies on exploring the relationship between long-term habitual napping and cognitive function. Based on this, the present study was tested from the older adults in urban areas of Beijing City as subjects to investigate whether the cognitive function of the older adults are affected by the adult, whether nap on each stages, as well as the frequency of nap.
A total of 619 older adults were recruited in present study. All the subjects were in normal cognitive function. Subjects who had a sleep disorder, abnormal neurologic examination, as well as a variety of body discomfort symptoms were excluded. Using questionnaire survey to investigate the nap situation for the subjects in each period of life. And then according to whether there was a nap habit in each period,took them into adolescence nap group(202) and control group(417), middle-aged nap group(266)and control group(353), old-aged nap group(487)control group (132), to explore the different results of the test on Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), digit span test, free recall test, words to associative learning test and verbal fluency test in each group. And then took the subjects into adolescence low frequency nap group(486)and high frequency nap group(133), middle aged low frequency nap group(426)and high frequency nap group(193), old aged low frequency nap group(208)high frequency nap group(411),according to the nap frequency of the tested in each period and according to whether the nap is more than three days per week, compared the above differences in cognitive function performances.
The result shows: (1) the nap situation in the elderly, the scores of the nap group was significantly higher than the control group on the score of the words to associative learning test; the scores of high frequency nap group was significantly higher than the low frequency nap group.(2) There were no significant differences of the short-time memory and item memory, verbal fluency.(3) the nap situation of the adolescence and middle aged were no differences in the cognitive performances.
The above indicates that nap habit of old ages will affect cognitive function for the older adults. And this kind of affect and the results of single sleep keeps the same. Getting into the habit of taking a nap at old age can consider to be a kind of positive and healthy lifestyle to advocate.