其他摘要 | Five studies addressed questions about nostalgia : the content of nostalgic experiences, the proposition that nostalgia increases or decreases self-esteem and this effect is moderated by the individuals’ mood and identity continuity. The purpose of the Preliminary study is to confirm that nostalgia relates both to the positive things and negative things in the past.147 college students recalled for its nostalgic events. And as we expected, nostalgia involved both positive things and negative things in the past. The purpose of study1 was to confirm that there are two types of nostalgia: positive nostalgia, which actively involves positive things in the past, and containing more positive affect; negative nostalgia, which actively involves negative things in the past, and containing more negative affect. 89 college students were randomly divided into three conditions: Positive nostalgia condition, in which they would recall a positive nostalgic event; negative nostalgia condition, in which they would recall a negative nostalgic event; and control condition, in which they would recall a ordinary event. As we expected, individuals in the positive nostalgia condition and the negative nostalgia condition has no significant difference in state nostalgia, and, individuals in the two conditions have more state nostalgia than that of the control group; individuals in the positive nostalgia condition reported more positive affect than those in the control condition; and individuals in the negative nostalgia condition reported more negative affect than those in the control condition. Study 2 was aimed to assess the interactive effects of mood and nostalgia on explicit self-esteem, and implicit self-esteem. 124 college students, prior measuring the mood, were randomly divided into two conditions: nostalgia condition, in which they would recall a nostalgic event; and control condition, in which they would recall a ordinary event. At last, the state nostalgia, explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem were measured. It was found that there are no interactive effects of mood and nostalgia on explicit self-esteem, and implicit self-esteem. And individuals in the nostalgia condition have no difference with the control condition in explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem. But, after removing the data which involving negative events, individuals in the nostalgia condition has a higher self esteem explicit general self-esteem than those in the control condition. However, there are no interactive effects of mood and nostalgia on explicit self-esteem, and implicit self-esteem. Study 3 was designed in order to explore the relationship between positive and negative nostalgia and explicit general self-esteem, explicit behavior self-esteem, explicit social self-esteem, explicit body self-esteem, implicit self-esteem, to assess the interactive effects of age mood and nostalgia on explicit self-esteem, and implicit self-esteem.375 college studentsand 105 community residents who are mainly elder ,prior measuring the mood, were randomly divided into three conditions: Positive nostalgia condition, in which they would recall a positive nostalgic event; negative nostalgia condition, in which they would recall a negative nostalgic event; and control condition, in which they would recall a ordinary event. At last, the state nostalgia, explicit general self-esteem, explicit behavior self-esteem, explicit social self-esteem, explicit body self-esteem and implicit self-esteem were measured. It was found that positive nostalgia ncreased the college students’ explicit general self-esteem, and negative nostalgia decreased the college students’ explicit general self-esteem and explicit behavior self-esteem. And positive nostalgia increased the community residents’ social self-esteem with negative mood. Study 4 was designed in order to assess the interactive effects of identity continuity and nostalgia on explicit general self-esteem, explicit behavior self-esteem, explicit social self-esteem, explicit body self-esteem, implicit self-esteem. On the basis of study3, after the state nostalgia was measured, individuals complete the identity continuity measurement, then, they completed the explicit self-esteem and implicit self-esteem measurement. It was found that there is a interactive effect of identity continuity and positive nostalgia on explicit general self-esteem. Positive nostalgia increased college students’ explicit general self-esteem, but this effect limited to individuals with high identity continuity. And further analysis found that, relative to the individuals with low identity continuity, those with high identity continuity reported more positive affect. There is also a interactive effect of identity continuity and negative nostalgia on explicit social self-esteem. Negative nostalgia decreased explicit social self-esteem, but this effect limited to individuals with low identity continuity. The conclusions are as following: 1. There are two types of nostalgia: positive nostalgia, which actively involves positive things in the past, and containing more positive affect; negative nostalgia, which actively involves negative things in the past, and containing more negative affect. 2. Positive nostalgia can increase college students’ explicit general self-esteem; Negative nostalgia can decrease college students’ explicit general self-esteem and explicit peform self-esteem. 3. Positive nostalgia can increase elderly people’s explicit social self-esteem with negative mood. 4. There are two interactive effects of identity continuity and nostalgia on explicit self-esteem. Positive nostalgia increased explicit general self-esteem, but this effect limited to individuals with high identity continuity. And the reason for this result is that, compared to individuals of low identity continuity, those of high continuity have more positive affect in positive nostalgia. Negative nostalgia decreased explicit social self-esteem, but this effect limited to individuals with low identity continuity. 5. Nostalgia does not influence the implicit self-esteem. |
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