| 其他摘要 | Schizophrenia is associated with changes of self and related disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of self impairment in schizophrenia is still not fully known. In this research, we reviewed the concept of self from the perspectives of psychology, psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience. In particular, we examined self-referential processing and self-face recognition and reviewed how these constructs may relate to schizophrenia. Given that the concept of spectrum can help better understand of pathology of schizophrenia, and provide relevant information for the early detection and prevention of schizophrenia, this research would focus on both the behavioral and neural performances self-related concepts in schizophrenia spectrum. In the first study, we used the typical self-reference effect task to examine self-referential process defects in schizophrenia patients and individuals with schizotypal personality features (SPD). We also explored the relationship between insight and self-reference process in schizophrenia. Results showed that schizophrenia patients group and healthy control group both showed the self-reference effect. However, the magnitude of self-reference effect in schizophrenia patients was significantly less than the healthy control group. These findings suggested that schizophrenia exhibited a certain degree of impairment in self-referential processing. Insight seemed to be related with the scope of self-concept in schizophrenia, in insight-reserved group, mother and self-related stimuli have the same level of memory performance, both significantly better than Sun Zhongshan related stimuli, while in the insight defected group, mother and Sun Zhongshan have the comparable level of memory performance, both worse than that of the self-referential stimuli. In the second study, we used a fMRI paradigm to explore the neural responses of self-referential processing in schizophrenia patients and SPD. Schizophrenia patients showed abnormal hyperactivity across the conditions of self-referential process task, but in comparingthe neural activity by subtracting other condition from self condition, patients with schizophrenia showed abnormal hypoactivity compared with healthy control. The SPD group showed enhanced neural activity when comparing self with Sun Zhongshan. In the third study, we examined the self-face recognition by taking a series of morphed pictures between self and a stranger as stimuli and asking subjects to make self and/or other judgment. The results suggested that schizophrenia patients and first-degree relatives exhibited poorer ability in self- and other- face discrimination as indexed by the βvalue ( the slope of inflection point of self-face recognition curve). The SPD group still kept comparable self-face recognition ability with the control group. In the fourth study, we examined the neural basis of self-face recognition process in schizophrenia patients and individuals with SPD. We found that schizophrenia patients showed enhanced neural activity across all of the conditions of the self-face recognition task. However, when the neural activity of the self-face judgment was compared with other-face judgment, schizophrenia patients showed weakened neural activity in the medial frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. The SPD group showed enhanced neural activity , when compared with healthy control group, in the insula, thalamus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus medial frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe. Taken together, the findings showed that schizophrenia patients exhibited impaired behavioral performance and abnormal neural activity in both self-referential processing and self-face recognition. The first-degree relative group showed behavioral performance deficits in self-face recognition process rather than in self-referential process. The behavioral performance of the SPD group in both was consistent with the healthy control group, while the neural activity in both self-related tasks was enhanced when compared with healthy controls. |
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