健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

癌症高发治愈率低严重威胁着人类的生命，癌症患者的焦虑抑郁程度明显高于正常人群，需要在心理的层面给予癌症患者更多的关切，寻求能减轻其焦虑、抑郁促进心理健康的方法。心理灵活性是由美国内达华州大学心理学教授Hayes在“第三代行为疗法”，即接纳与承诺疗法的创立过程中提出的，国外有研究表明，ACT可以广泛应用于多类人群以及一系列的身心疾病。但国内对于癌症患者临床效果的实证研究还没有。 本文旨在探讨癌症患者心理灵活性与焦虑抑郁的关系，从而为ACT在癌症患者的临床应用中提供证据。 本研究采用问卷调查法：整群选取癌症患者168人，施测第二版接纳与行动问卷 (AAQ-Ⅱ)、认知融合问卷（CFQ）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、生命意义量表（MLQ），回收有效问卷144份，对数据进行单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析及逐步多元回归分析。同时对上述144名患者中的52名患者进行了随访调查，研究结果表明： （1）癌症患者经验性回避与焦虑、抑郁显著正相关（r=0.353～0.524，P<0.01）； （2）癌症患者认知融合与焦虑、抑郁显著正相关（r=0.322～0.488，P<0.01）； （3）癌症患者生命意义感与焦虑、抑郁显著负相关（r=-0.468～-0.193，P<0.05）； （4）癌症患者的经验型回避不能有效预测焦虑抑郁； （5）癌症患者的认知融合可以显著预测焦虑,CFQ对后SAS的回归系数0.335(P<0.05)； （6）癌症患者的生命意义感不能有效预测焦虑抑郁。 本研究结论： （1）癌症患者的经验性回避与焦虑抑郁显著正相关，提示癌症患者接纳自己患病的事实，会降低其焦虑抑郁情绪。 （2）癌症患者的认知融合与焦虑抑郁显著正相关，提示癌症患者对疾病各种不良信息的认知，会影响其焦虑抑郁情绪。 （3）癌症患者的生命意义感与焦虑抑郁显著正相关，提示癌症患者明确生命的意义，知道生命的使命与存在的理由，会降低其焦虑抑郁情绪。 （4）癌症患者的经验性回避不能有效预测焦虑抑郁，提示通过癌症患者的经验性回避水平不能预测其之后的焦虑抑郁的水平。 （5）癌症患者的认知融合可以显著预测焦虑，提示癌症患者的认知融合越高，其焦虑水平越高。 （6）癌症患者的生命意义感不能有效预测焦虑抑郁，提示通过癌症患者的生命意义感水平不能预测其之后的焦虑抑郁水平。 

Cancer is a serious threat to human life considering the high incident rate and low cure rate. The degree of depression and anxiety in cancer patients was significantly higher than the normal population. Cancer patients need more psychological concern. We are looking for ways to better alleviate their anxiety, depression and promote mental health. “Psychological flexibility” is created by Hayes, the professor of psychology at the University of Delaware, during the study of the " third generation behavior therapy " which is also known as the creation process of acceptance and commitment therapy. There are some foreign studies that have shown that ACT can be widely used in many types of people as well as a series of physical and mental illness. But there is no domestic empirical study of cancer patients for the clinical effect yet. This paper aims to explore the relationship between psychological flexibility and the level of anxiety and depression in patients, so as to provide evidence in the clinical application of ACT. This study used questionnaires: we selected 168 cancer patients using cluster sampling, adopting the second edition of Surveying acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-Ⅱ), cognitive fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), the meaning of life scale (MLQ). We recycled 144 valid questionnaires and analysis the data using one-way ANOVA method, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. At the same time, 52 patients were followed up survey results showing that： (1) Cancer patients with empirical avoid have significant positive correlation with anxiety, depression （r=0.353～0.524，P<0.01） (2) The integration of cognitive of cancer patients have a significant positive correlation with anxiety, depression（r=0.322～0.488，P<0.01） (3)The meaning of life of cancer patients has significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and depression（r=-0.468～-0.193，P<0.05）; (4) Cancer patients’ experience avoidance can’t predict anxiety and depression; (5) Cognition fused in cancer patients can be a significant predictor of anxiety,0.335(P<0.05)；; (6) Meaning of life of cancer patients can’t effectively predict anxiety and depression. The study concludes: (1) Cancer patients with experiential avoidance are significantly correlated with anxiety and depression, suggesting that accepting the fact will reduce anxiety and depression. (2) Cognitive integration is significantly correlated with the anxiety and depression which suggesting that bad information will affect their anxiety and depression. (3) Senses of the meaning of life in cancer patients are significantly correlated with anxiety and depression, suggesting that cancer patients clear meaning of life, know the mission and raison d'être of life, will reduce their anxiety and depression. (4) The experiential avoidance can’t effectively predict anxiety and depression. The level of anxiety and depression can’t be inferred by experiential avoidance. (5) Cognitive fusion can be a significant predictor of anxiety. The higher level of the cognitive fusion, the higher anxiety level the patients have. (6)Meaning of life of can’t effectively predict anxiety and depression, suggesting that the level of meaning of life can’t infer their level of anxiety and depression.