社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

 
外化问题是指青少年因适应不良形成的广泛的攻击和违纪行为。外化问题因其对青少年自身、家庭以及社会的巨大破坏作用而一直是心理学研究的重点。研究发现，青春期发育早晚和父母教养行为都是外化行为的重要影响因素。但是以往的研究没有将二者综合起来考察对外化问题的影响，并且研究多以关注男孩为主或根本没有区分性别。鉴于近几年女孩外化问题的迅速上升，因此研究女孩外化问题的影响因素就尤为必要。 本研究采用中国科学院心理研究所全国青少年心理健康数据库中2009年的调查数据，对其中1021名11到16岁的在校女孩的数据进行分析:女孩的平均年龄是13.13±1.48；早熟者，156人，占总样本数的15.3%，正常成熟者700人，占总样本数的68.6%，晚熟者165人，占总样本数的16.1%。青少年外化行为自评问卷和青春期发育量表由女孩报告，教养方式问卷由家长和青少年分别报告。 研究的主要结果如下： 1.早熟和攻击、违纪的回归系数显著； 2.父母评教养行为的问卷：违纪和除母亲引导以外的其他各项教养行为的回归系数显著，母亲监管（b=-0.34，P<0.05），父亲严厉（b=0.33，P<0.01）在早熟和违纪行为之间起调节作用；攻击和父母的各项教养行为回归系数都显著；教养行为在早熟和攻击之间无调节作用。 3.青少年评教养行为问卷：违纪和父母教养行为的回归系数显著，母亲监管（b=-0.28，P<0.05）在早熟和违纪行为之间起调节作用；攻击和父母的各项教养行为回归系数都显著；教养行为在早熟和攻击之间无调节作用。 结论：父母的教养行为在女孩早熟和外化问题的关系中起调节作用。

The externalizing behavior construct is composed of extensive aggression and delinquent behavior developed because of the adolescent’s maladjustment to his or her environment. Since externalizing problem has destructive effects on adolescents themselves, their families and even the whole society, it has been the focus of psychological research. A growing body of research documented that pubertal timing as well as parenting were significantly related to externalizing behaviors. However, few research has explored the relationship among these three variables simultaneously. Moreover, previous studies used to pay more attention to boys than girls, or did not study boys and girls separately. Given the quick increase of girls’ externalizing problems in recent years, it is quite essential to investigate factors associated with the externalizing behavior of adolescent girls. In the present study, data of 1,021 adolescent girls aged 11-16 (averaging 13.13±1.48) of the National Survey of Adolescent Mental Health in China (2009) were analyzed. Using the classification of pubertal timing, the samples were divided into early puberty, on-time puberty, and late puberty, with the proportion of 15.3% (156), 68.6% (700), and 16.1% (165) respectively. Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) were reported by girls. Parenting Scale was reported by girls and their parents. The main findings are as follows: 1. In adolescent girls, both delinquent behavior and aggression were significantly influenced by early puberty. 2. Parents’ reports of parenting: Delinquent behavior was significantly influenced by parenting behaviors (except maternal guidance). Furthermore, maternal monitoring and paternal harshness moderated the relationship between early puberty and delinquent behavior (maternal monitoring, b=-0.34, P<0.05; paternal harshness, b=0.33, P<0.01). Parenting was significantly associated with aggression, but did not play moderating role between early puberty and aggression. 3. Girls’ reports of parenting: Delinquent behavior was significantly influenced by parenting behaviors. Furthermore, maternal monitoring moderated the relationship between early puberty and delinquent behavior (maternal monitoring, b=-0.28, P<0.05). Parenting was significantly correlated with aggression, but had no moderating effect on the relationship between early puberty and aggression. Conclusion: Parenting played a moderating role in the association between early puberty and adolescent girls’ externalizing behavior.