社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

 
近年来，随着我国经济的不断发展，人们对于心理健康的重视程度与日俱增，因此作为心理健康工作重要组成部分的心理咨询行业得到了迅速发展。2002年中华人民共和国劳动和社会保障部颁布了《心理咨询师（试行）国家职业标准》，宣告我国心理咨询行业准入和职业的标准化。与此同时，咨询师群体的专业水平、心理健康状况和职业胜任力也更加被人们关注。 根据行业准入制度，在被国家认可的，各心理咨询师培训机构参加培训的学员是我国心理咨询师的唯一来源。本研究以心理咨询师培训学员作为研究对象，以企事业单位员工为对照组，通过问卷调查方法，了解并比较研究对象与对照组工作相关的抑郁、焦虑和愤怒水平，职业倦怠水平，职业应激水平以及社会支持系统；并通过回归分析探寻职业应激和社会支持以倦怠为中介对工作相关的抑郁、焦虑和愤怒的影响。借以了解准心理咨询师群体的心理健康状况，并分析相关影响因素。 通过研究组与对照组各量表得分均值比较发现，心理咨询师培训学员工作相关的抑郁、倦怠、职业应激中工作与非工作冲突得分高于对照组；来自上司的社会支持得分低于对照组。 对研究组各量表的逐步回归分析结果发现: 工作质量、角色冲突和来自配偶、朋友及亲戚的社会支持完全通过耗竭和士气消沉的中介作用影响抑郁；角色冲突、工作与非工作冲突完全通过动机丧失的中介作用影响抑郁；来自工作中其他人的社会支持部分通过动机丧失的中介作用影响抑郁；责任压力直接影响焦虑；工作质量、角色冲突和来自配偶、朋友及亲戚的社会支持完全通过耗竭和士气消沉的中介作用影响焦虑；工作质量、角色冲突和来自配偶、朋友及亲戚的社会支持完全通过耗竭和士气消沉的中介作用影响愤怒；角色冲突、工作与非工作冲突和来自工作中其他人的社会支持完全通过动机丧失的中介作用影响愤怒。

In recent years, with the growth of the national economic level, more and more people begin to pay attention to mental health. As a result, there is a rapid development in psychological counseling which is an important part of mental health related works. In 2002, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China issued < The National Professional Standard of Psychological Counseling>, which made the access system of psychological counselors strict. At the same time, there is also a new and growing concern about the mental health, professional skills, and competency of the psychological counselors. According to the professional admittance system, the counselor trainees learning in the psychological counselors training institutions recognized by the state are the only resource of the psychological counselors. The objection of our research is to learn and compare the work-related depression, anxiety, irritation level; work-related burnout level; occupational stress; and social support level between the counselor trainees and the employees of other enterprises or institutions. Through the comparison of the average scores of the two groups, The scores of burnout, work-related depression and work and non-work conflict of the counselor trainees were higher than the contrast group, the scores of social support from supervisor of the counselor trainees were lower than the contrast group. Research on the stepwise regression analysis of the scales of the study group showed that: some dimensions of occupational stress and social support had effect on work-related depression, anxiety and irritation through or partially through the three dimensions of burnout, which are named exhaustion, demoralization and loss of motive.