社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

青少年外化问题指表现在外的、反映了个体对外部环境消极反应的行为，如攻击性和违纪行为。外化问题由于对家庭和社会以及青少年自身的发展都有负面作用，所以一直是发展心理学工作者研究的重要内容，但以往相关研究对于女生的重视并没有男生高，而现阶段女生的外化问题同样呈现了严峻的情况。研究表明父母的婚姻质量和教养行为作为家庭环境的重要因素，会对青少年的外化问题产生影响。然而在探讨三者之间的关系上，有研究认为教养行为在婚姻和外化问题之间起中介作用，有研究认为教养行为起调节作用，而且上述研究都没有将男孩和女孩分开讨论。本研究将在前人基础上，采用中国科学院心理研究所全国青少年心理健康数据库中2008年的横断数据，对其中4346名9～20岁（平均年龄14.94±2.53岁）的在校女生进行数据分析，来考察父母婚姻质量、教养行为与外化问题的关系。外化问题和教养行为分别由女生和家长报告，婚姻质量由家长报告。 研究的主要结果如下：父母婚姻质量和父母的教养行为显著相关；父母的婚姻质量与女生的外化问题显著相关，父母婚姻质量越高，女生的外化问题越少；父母的教养行为与女生的外化问题相关显著，父母的监控、引导得分越高，女生的外化问题得分越低，父母的严厉越高，女生的外化问题越多；在综合考察了外化问题自评和家长评以及父母教养行为自评和女生评的四种情况下，父母的教养行为（特别是积极教养行为）在父母婚姻质量和女生外化问题之间的关系上中介效应显著；父母的教养行为对于父母婚姻质量与女生外化问题之间的调节作用并不明显；与母亲教养的作用相似，父亲教养对于女生的外化问题同样起着重要作用。 以上的研究结果支持了父母的教养行为在婚姻质量影响外化问题过程中起中介作用这样一个结论。

 
The Relationship of Marital quality, Parenting and Externalizing problems of Adolescent Girls Jianxia LI Directed by Associated Professor Zhiyan Chen Abstract The adolescent externalizing problem refers to the outward behavior and reflects the individual's negative reactions to his or her environment, such as aggression and delinquent behavior. Since externalizing problem has the negative impact on society, family and adolescents themselves, it has been an important research topic for the development psychologists in the last decades. In previous studies, more attention was paid to boys than girls. However, researches indicated that adolescent girls may have severe externalizing problem as well as boys. Marital quality and parenting were found have impacts on adolescent externalizing problem. In studies of exploring the relationship between the three variables, some researches showed that the parenting was the mediator in the association between marital quality and adolescent externalizing problem, whereas other studies indicated the parenting was a moderator. Moreover, most of these studies did not study boys and girls separately. In the present study, researcher used the cross-sectional data of 4,346 adolescent girls aged 9-20 (14.94±2.53) of the National Survey of Adolescent Mental Health in China (2008) to investigate the relationship of marital quality, parenting and girls’ externalizing problems. Externalizing problem and parenting were reported by both girls and their parents. Marital quality was reported by parents. The main findings are as follows: marital quality significantly correlated to the parenting; marital quality significantly associated with externalizing problem of adolescent girls. Higher level of marital quality related to lower level of externalizing problem of adolescent girls. Parenting significantly related to externalizing problems of adolescent girls. The higher level of parental monitoring and inductive reasoning associated with less externalizing problems, while the more parental harshness correlatded to more externalizing problems; According to both girls’ reports and their parents’ reports of externalizing problem and parenting, it was found that parenting (especial the positive parenting) was the significant mediator between marital quality and externalizing problem; parenting did not have robust significant moderating effect on the relationship between marital quality and externalizing problem; just like maternal parenting, paternal parenting played an important role in externalizing problem of adolescent girls. The above results supported a conclusion that parenting had a mediating effect on the association between marital quality and adolescent girls’ externalizing problems.