健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

大五人格对心理健康的影响： 首发精神分裂症恢复期患者与正常人的比较研究 摘要 精神分裂症是一种病情严重、预后不佳、且复发率很高的精神疾病。已有研究发现，恢复期精神分裂症患者的心理健康水平直接影响到患者坚持全病程治疗、服药依从性好、积极参与院外康复的可能性。在影响精神分裂症患者复发及恢复期心理健康的因素中，人格因素可能具有重要作用。如能及早发现精神分裂症，尤其是首发精神分裂症患者的人格特征，并明确其人格特征对恢复期患者心理健康的影响，将对精神分裂症的治疗、预后和转归提供新的途径。 本研究以79例首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者（病人组）和169例健康人（正常组）为研究对象，探讨病人组与正常组的人格特征、心理健康的差异性；病人组与正常组的人格特征与心理健康的相关性；以期为进一步制定首发精神分裂症恢复期患者的综合康复计划提供理论依据。 结果发现: 1.首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者心理健康状态相对正常组较差，存在更少的正性情绪、减弱的认知功能、较低的自我评价和较多的社会适应问题。 2.首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者人格特征在神经质、外向性、宜人性、责任心特质因子方面与正常组相比存在显著性差异。提示首发、恢复期精神分裂症患者易出现紧张、抑郁、挫折、内疚的特点，存在沉默、行为拘谨、责任心差的特点。 3.首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者与正常组个性特征相比较，神经质因子与负性情绪、行为问题、自我问题正相关，开放性、宜人性与大多数心理健康因子不相关。在正常组表现出的责任心与负性情绪、认知问题、行为问题、自我问题负相关，与正性情绪正相关，在病人组并无类似表现。 4.控制了与心理健康密切相关的神经质因子后，其它人格特征因子对心理健 康的影响较前发生了变化。控制了神经质因子后，在病人组，外倾性与责任心、宜人性与责任心的交互效应对自我问题有一定的影响。。 首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者的个性特征、心理健康状态及两者的关系很复杂，在构建并整合生物、心理、社会干预计划时，应尽可能考虑到首发精神分裂症恢复期的患者预后的局限性，有必要将恢复期患者个性中与患者心理健康明显相关的某些特质因子作为关键考虑。本研究结果对促进恢复期精神分裂症患者心理健康水平，更好地回归社会具有一定的理论及实践指导意义。

 
Study on Influence of The Big Five Personality to Mental Health: Comparisons on The Schizophreniacs of First Episode and Convalescence of Schizophrenia with Normal Person: Liu Zhuhua Directed by Prof. Zhang Jianxin ABSTRACT Schizophrenia is a severe disease of poor prognosis and ill health， and a common disease with high relapse rate in mental illness. According to the research, the mental healthy level of schizophreniacs is the direct factor and important part for the possibilities of being in whole treating course, drug dependence and part in the community rehabilitation activities. Therefore, the mental health status of a schizophreniac is the key factor for the rehabilitation of schizohreniacs. If a schizohreniac can be detected before morbidity，and especially their the r personalities that can be detected and be sensed fully in first episode, which would provide a renewable method for the treatment of schizophrenia. The research is by taking 79 schizophreniacs of first episode or convalescence (patient group) and 169 normal persons(normal group) as the object, to compare the patient group with the normal group on difference and correlation of personality and mental health status, and the influence of the interaction of the personality to the mental health so as to provide a theory evidence for future the comprehensive rehabilitation program. Output： 1、Comparing the patient group with the normal group, the personality in terms of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and responsibility is different obviously. The patient group is more prone to be nervous, depressed, frustrated and guilty, and existing the characteristics of reticence, timidity, and less responsibility and more problem of social adjustment. 2、Comparing the patient group with the normal group, the patient group has worse attitude of mental health, and less positive mood, and weak cognitive function and low self-evaluation. 3、 Comparing the patient group with the normal group, the neurotic factor has the positive correlation with negative mood, behavior and self problems. Openness and agreeableness are uncorrelated to the most of mental healthy factors. During the normal group, the responsibility is related to the negative mood, cognition, behavior and self problem, and has correlation with the positive mood, but during the patient group, no such similar performance appeared. 4、 By controlling the Neurotic factor that closely related to the mental health, the presence of personality to the mental health is changed, the interaction effects between extroversion and interaction, agreeableness and responsibility will play some role in self problem for the patient group. It’s complicated in terms of personality characteristics, mental healthy status and correlation between the personality characteristics and mental healthy status of the schizophreniacs of first episode and convalescence of schizophrenia. When we construct and reform the mental and social intervention plan for the individual schizophreniac of first episode and convalescence of schizophrenia, we need to the fullest consider their limitation of prognosis. It’s possibility to mainly consider their individual personality and certain factors related to the mental health. This research is meaningful on improving and recovering the mental health status and get assess to the society for the schizophreniacs.