健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

背景抑郁症是青少年自杀的最大危险因素,因此探究青少年抑郁症状的影响因素对家庭及社会具有重要意义。目的分析积极心理品质对青少年抑郁症状的影响,以及父母受教育水平对这种影响的调节作用,旨在为青少年心理卫生工作者及中国父母如何为青少年提供良好的成长教育环境、如何有效减少抑郁症造成的危害提供一个新思路。方法 2011年4—7月,参考2003年国家统计局公布的东、中、西部区域划分方法,采用分层不等概率抽样方法抽取东部6个（北京、上海、浙江、江苏、广东、福建）及中西部4个（重庆、广西、内蒙古、安徽）共10个样本省、自治区、直辖市,并纳入石家庄市1个样本市（主动要求成为课题样本市）,然后采用系统抽样的方法从中抽取了91个样本区县,以千分之一的比例抽取中小学生70 628例,调查后经核查47 872份为有效问卷。调查方式包含网络问卷测试和纸版问卷测试,问卷内容包含抑郁症状〔采用流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）评价〕、积极心理品质〔采用青少年价值-行为特征量表（VIA-Youth）评价〕、父母受教育程度（分为小学、初中、高中及中专、大专、本科及以上）。结果父母受教育程度为初中、高中及中专、大专、本科及以上的青少年积极心理品质得分均高于父母受教育程度为小学的青少年,抑郁症状得分低于父亲受教育程度为小学的青少年（P〈0.05）;父母受教育程度为高中及中专、大专、本科及以上的青少年积极心理品质得分均高于父母受教育程度为初中的青少年,抑郁症状得分低于父母受教育程度为初中的青少年（P〈0.05）;父母受教育程度为大专、本科及以上的青少年积极心理品质得分均高于父母受教育程度为高中及中专的青少年,父亲受教育程度为大专、本科及以上及母亲受教育程度为本科及以上的青少年抑郁症状得分低于父母受教育程度为高中及中专的青少年（P〈0.05）;父母受教育程度为本科及以上的青少年积极心理品质得分均高于父母受教育程度为大专的青少年,抑郁症状得分低于父母受教育程度为大专的青少年（P〈0.05）。父亲受教育程度对积极心理品质、抑郁症状得分影响的偏η2分别为0.034、0.010,母亲受教育程度对两者影响的偏η2分别为0.035、0.010。年龄、积极心理品质、父亲受教育程度为本科及以上与积极心理品质的交互作用、母亲受教育程度为大专、本科及以上与积极心理品质的交互作用对青少年抑郁症状有影响（P〈0.05）。结论积极心理品质能够减少青少年抑郁症状,其效果在父母受教育程度较高的青少年中更为明显,因此可从培养高质量的父母入手预防和减少青少年抑郁症状的发生。

Background Depressive disorder is the biggest risk factor of teenage suicides. To explore the important significance of adolescent depression symptoms＇ influence factors on family and society. Objective To investigate the influence ofcharacter strengths on adolescent depressive symptoms and the regulating effects of parents＇ education level on this influence. Its aim so provide a new thinking method for those adolescent mental health workers and Chinese parents on how to provide teenagers with good growing and educational environment and how to effectively reduce she harms brought by depressive disorder. Methods  From April to July 2011, based on the zoning method of Eastern region, Central region and Western region by National Bureau of Statistics in 2003, ten sample provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were selected through stratified sampling with unequal probabilities, six were from Eastern region （Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian） and four from Central and West regions （Chongqing, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Anhui ）; and Shijiazhuang was also included （volunteered to be the sample city） . Then 91 sample counties were chosen from these ten sample regions by using systematic sampling method, and 70 628 primary and secondary school students were extracted in a ratio of one over thousand. 47 872 questionnaires were considered as valid samples after investigation and verification. The investigation methods involved network test and paper test. Contents of the questionnaire included depressive symptoms （ Evaluated by Center Epidemiological Studies of Depression （ CES - D）], character strengths （ Evaluated by Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth （ VIA - Youth） ], and parents＇ educational level （including levels of primary school, junior high school, senior high school and technical secondary school, college, bachelor degree and above） . Results The character strengths scores of, adolescents whose parents＇ educational level were junior high school, senior high school and technical secondary school, college degree, bachelor degree or above were higher than those whose parents＇ educational level was primary school, and their depressive symptoms scores were lower than those whose father＇s educational level was primary school （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the character strengths scores of adolescents whose parents＇ educational level were senior high school and technical secondary school, college degree, bachelor degree or above were higher than those whose parents＇ educational level was junior high school, and depressive symptoms scores were lower than those whose parents＇ educational level was junior high school （ P 〈0. 05 ） ; the character strengths scores of adolescents whose parents＇ educational level were college degree, bachelor degree or above were higher than those whose parents＇ educational level were senior high school and technical secondary school, and depressive symptoms scores of adolescents whose fathers＇ education level were college degree, bachelor degree or above, mathers＇ education level was bachelor degree or above were lower than whose parents＇ educational level was senior high school and technical secondary school （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the character strengths scores of adolescents whose parents＇ educational level was bachelor degree or above were higher than those whose parents＇ educational level was college degree, and their depressive symptoms scores were lower than those whose parents＇ educational level was college degree （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The partial 2 of effects of father＇ s educational level on character strengths and depressive symptoms scores were 0. 034 and 0. 010 respectively, while the scores of effects of mother＇s educational level on character strengths and depressive symptoms scores were O. 035 and 0. 010 separately. The interaction of age, character strengths, father＇s educational level being bachelor degree or above and character strengths, and the interaction between mother＇s education level being college degree, bachelor degree or above and character strengths had effects on adolescent depressive symptoms （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Character strengths can reduce adolescent depressive symptoms and its effect is more obvious in teenagers whose parents possess rather high educational levels. Therefore, training high - quality parents can be a way of preventing and reducing the occurrence of adolescent depression.