健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

目的了解高职学生时间管理倾向、心理健康水平,并探讨二者之间的关系。方法于2014年5—6月选取甘肃省3所高职院校学生307例,采用青少年时间管理倾向量表（ATMD）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）以班为单位对高职学生的时间管理倾向和心理健康水平进行集体测试。时间管理倾向得分与心理健康得分的相关分析采用Pearson相关分析;时间管理倾向各维度对心理健康的预测作用采用分层回归分析。结果 307例高职学生,ATMD总均分为（144.65±21.39）分,其中时间价值感、时间监控观、时间效能感分量表得分分别为（34.64±6.13）、（76.77±11.90）、（33.23±5.93）分;SCL-90总均分为（2.00±0.70）分。不同性别的高职学生时间价值感得分间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而时间监控观、时间效能感得分及总均分间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不同专业的高职学生时间价值感、时间监控观、时间效能感得分及总均分间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不同年级、是否独生子女的高职学生时间价值感、时间监控观、时间效能感得分及总分间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不同生源地、是否学生干部的高职学生时间价值感、时间效能感得分及总分间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而时间监控观得分间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。不同性别、专业、生源地及是否独生子女的高职学生SCL-90各因子得分及总均分间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不同年级的高职学生SCL-90除躯体化、焦虑、恐怖外其余因子得分及总均分间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。是否学生干部的高职学生强迫症状、抑郁、恐怖得分间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而SCL-90其余因子得分及总均分间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。高职学生SCL-90各因子得分均高于全国青年常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。高、低时间管理倾向得分的高职学生SCL-90各因子得分及总均分间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。时间价值感得分与躯体化、恐怖、精神病性得分均呈线性负相关（P〈0.05）,而与SCL-90其余因子得分及总均分无线性相关关系（P〉0.05）;时间监控观得分及总分与SCL-90各因子得分及总均分均呈线性负相关（P〈0.05）;时间效能感得分与SCL-90除强迫症状、人际关系敏感外的其余因子得分及总均分均呈线性负相关（P〈0.05）。当控制了人口学变量后,时间监控观对心理健康症状有负向预测作用（P〈0.05）。结论高职学生时间管理能力尚可,心理健康水平普遍较低,时间管理倾向中的时间监控观对心理健康有明显预测作用。

Objective To investigate the time management disposition and mental health status of vocational college students and the relation between them. Methods Between May and June in 2014,we enrolled 307 vocational college students from three vocational colleges in Gansu Province. Using adolescent time management disposition scale（ ATMD） and symptom checklist 90（ SCL- 90）,we conducted test on the time management disposition and mental health level of these students together based on classes. The correlation between the score of time management disposition and the score of mental health was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis; the predictive effect of each dimension of time management disposition was analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. Results The total score of ATMD was（ 144. 65 ± 21. 39）,and the scores of sense of time value,concept of time monitor and sense of time potency were（34. 64 ± 6. 13）,（76. 77 ± 11. 90） and（33. 23 ± 5. 93）,and the total score of SCL- 90 was（ 2. 00 ± 0. 70）. Male students and female students were significantly different in the score of sense of time value（ P〈0. 05）,while they were significantly different in the scores of concept of time monitor and sense of time potency and the total score of time management（ P〉0. 05）. Students of different majors were significanlty different in the scores of sense of time value,concept of time monitor and sense of time potency and the total score of time management（ P〈0. 05）.No significant differences existed in the scores of sense of time value,concept of time monitor and sense of time potency and the total score of time management among students of different grades and between students who were from one- child family and students who were not（ P〉0. 05）. No significant differences existed in the scores of sense of time value and sense of time potency and the total score of time management among students from different places and between students who were student cadres and students who were not（ P〉0. 05）,while significant differences existed in the score of concept of time monitor（ P〈0. 05）.No significant differences existed in the score of each SCL- 90 factor and the total score of SCL- 90 between male students and female students,among students of different majors and students from different places,and between students who were from one- child family and students who were not（ P〈0. 05）. Significant differences existed in the scores of SCL- 90 factors except somatization,anxiety and terror and the total score of SCL- 90 among students of different grades（ P〈0. 05）. Significant differences existed in the scores of obsessive- compulsive symptom,depression and terror between students who were student cadres and students who were not（ P〈0. 05）,while no significant difference existed in the scores of other SCL- 90 factors and the total score of SCL- 90（ P〈0. 05）. The score of each SCL- 90 factor of these vocational college students was higher than national norms（ P〈0. 05）. Significant differences existed in the score of each SCL- 90 factor and the total score of SCL- 90 between students with high time management disposition score and low time management disposition score（ P〈0. 05）. There was negative correlation between the score of sense of time value and the scores of somatization,terror and psychotism（ P〈0. 05）,while there was no linear correlation between the score of sense of time value and the scores of other SCL- 90 factors and the total score of SCL- 90（ P〈0. 05）; the score of time monitor and the total score of time management had negative linear correlation with the score of each SCL- 90 factor and the total score of SCL- 90（ P〈0. 05）; the score of time potency had negative linear correlation with the scores of all SCL- 90 factors except obsessive- compulsive symptom and sensitivity of interpersonal relationship and the total score of SCL- 90（ P〈0. 05）. After the control of demographic variables,the concept of time monitor had negative predictive effect on mental health symptoms（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Vocational college students have a passable level of time management ability and a lower level of mental health. The concept of time monitor in time management disposition has obvious predictive effect on mental health.