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神经振荡在人类视觉工作记忆表征维持中的作用
其他题名Role of neural oscillations in maintenance of human visual working memory representations
潘亚丽1,2; 王亮1,2,3
第一作者潘亚丽
通讯作者邮箱lwang@psych.ac.cn
心理所单位排序1
摘要

人类的视觉系统可以同时接收外界环境中的多种视觉信息,并以记忆表征的形式暂时存储于工作记忆之中,以便指导后续的认知活动.但大脑只能维持有限数量的记忆表征,表现出工作记忆的容量有限性.同时,我们对视觉刺激的内部表征是充满噪音的,即对记忆表征的维持存在精确度的变化.本文从大脑神经活动的神经振荡特性角度出发,系统阐述了人类视觉工作记忆的表征维持阶段、记忆容量和记忆精确度的神经振荡特征,以及相关的理论建模,并对该研究领域的发展做了展望.

其他摘要

Human visual system receives many cluttered stimuli simultaneously, but only a few of visual representations can be held in the mind to guide subsequent goal-oriented behaviors, which indicates the limited capacity of visual working memory. Meanwhile, the neural representations of visual stimuli can be noisy and hence the memory precision is varying. This review systematically illustrates the roles of neural oscillations in maintaining visual working memory and neural mechanisms underlying the capacity and precision. In the end, several potential directions of this field for future studies are discussed. A large amount of researches demonstrates that during the maintenance of visual working memory representations, the theta band oscillations can facilitate the neural information communications between brain regions throughout a relative long distance, in order to achieve the top-down cognitive control; the alpha band oscillations, which was initially considered as an electrophysiological correlate of cortical idling, are now generally treated to reflect functional inhibition or non-engagement of a given brain regions, in order to gate neural information to the task-relevant regions; as for gamma band, the high frequency oscillation property make it suitable for the integration of multiple object features in the local neural network and hold the relevant representations. Therefore, theta and gamma band engage in the maintenance of working memory representations directly, while alpha oscillations serve in an indirect way of functional inhibition. In addition, the cross frequency coupling and neural synchronization enable the collaboration of different brain regions in the working memory network. The contralateral delay activity(CDA) is widely acknowledged to be an online electrophysiological marker of working memory capacity. In addition, the alpha oscillations in irrelevant regions also have a strong correlation with individual capacity. Early studies that aimed to explore memory capacity limit introduce the slot model of working memory, which regards working memory as few fixed discrete slots and cannot be divided between items. However, more and more experiments that are designed to study memory precision come to conceptualize working memory as a limited resource that can be shared between different representations, and put forward the resource model of working memory. One of the major differences of these two models is the change of memory precision with memory load increasing, so the study of memory precision is conductive to figure out the working memory model. Although several behavioral studies have demonstrated that both capacity and precision are two distinct aspects of working memory, some electrophysiological researches propose that CDA and alpha band oscillations can also represent the memory precision. Therefore, more studies would be needed to explore the neural substrates of memory precision. In addition to the passive maintenance of working memory representations, the active manipulation of memories, such as updating, is a potential direction of working memory studies, since it can give us a whole picture of how the memory resources are dynamically distributed among objects. Moreover, neural decoding of objects is also an important research perspective, which can directly manifest the storage of memory representations.

关键词视觉工作记忆 神经振荡 记忆维持 记忆容量 记忆精确度
学科领域认知神经科学
2016
语种中文
发表期刊科学通报
ISSN0023-074X
卷号61期号:15页码:1650-1660
期刊论文类型期刊论文
URL查看原文
收录类别CSCD ; 中文核心期刊要目总览
CSCD记录号CSCD:5715308
资助机构国家自然科学基金(81371631 ; 81422024) ; 青年计划(Y4HX072006) ; 北京市科技新星计划(Z141110001814068)
引用统计
被引频次:1[CSCD]   [CSCD记录]
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/21097
专题认知与发展心理学研究室
通讯作者王亮
作者单位1.中国科学院心理健康重点实验室,中国科学院心理研究所
2.中国科学院大学
3.中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心
第一作者单位中国科学院心理健康重点实验室
通讯作者单位中国科学院心理健康重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
潘亚丽,王亮. 神经振荡在人类视觉工作记忆表征维持中的作用[J]. 科学通报,2016,61(15):1650-1660.
APA 潘亚丽,&王亮.(2016).神经振荡在人类视觉工作记忆表征维持中的作用.科学通报,61(15),1650-1660.
MLA 潘亚丽,et al."神经振荡在人类视觉工作记忆表征维持中的作用".科学通报 61.15(2016):1650-1660.
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