中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

本文介绍了双语经验对言语产生过程中通达能力的影响，言语产生是指个体通过口头言语表达想法、感受，而通达过程是言语产生的关键过程。基于语言系统的层次性，本文从亚词汇、词汇、短语和句子四个语言水平归纳了双语经验对通达能力造成消极影响的证据。基于此，从跨语言干扰、语言使用频率和词汇量三个角度梳理相关解释。未来研究需要关注双语经验对言语加工中不同方面的影响，不同双语经验对通达能力的影响，并整合相关解释。

Economic globalization pushes the exchange between different countries, along with the requirement for languages. Learning a secondlanguage is ubiquitous in our country currently. Lots of study fields have focused on second language learning, such as psychology, linguistics andsociology. Bilingual experience has an indispensable effect on persons＇ language processing. But few reviews have centered on this issue. This papergave a brief review of the influence of bilingual experience on speech production. With respect to speech production, the most common research paradigms include Boston naming task, picture naming task and tip of tonguetask. In the early stage, many resoarchers paid attention to lexical access, which received the most extensive studies and produced the most fruitfulresults. The results showed that bilingual experience had a negative effect on lexical access, with the increasing reaction time in picture naming tasks.Recently, researchers were more interested in other levels of speech production, including sub-lexical level, noun phrase and sentence. In the sub-lexical level, the tongue twist naming task indicated that bilingnals＇ error rate was higher, which was affected by phonetic similarity. The naming speedof noun phrases and sentences in bilinguals was also slower than that in monolinguals. Furthermore, structural frequency and syntactic similarity of thetwo languages modulated the negative influence. In a word, bilingual speakers showed a poor access performance during speech production. This paper summed up the explanation of bilingual access disadvantage in terms of the interference effect, the frequency effect and the effect ofvocabulary size. From the interference perspective, the non-target language could not be turned off during speech production. Therefore, the non-targetlanguage caused interference or consumed cognitive resources. However, the language frequency effect hypothesis discussed the use frequency of eachlanguage between monolingual and bilingual. This hypothesis emphasized bilinguals＇ poor access performance in mother tongue, which was the mostconvincing evidence. Different from the above two, the vocabulary size hypothesis was based on the size of bilingual speakers＇ vocabulary. Until now,researchers have not agreed on the reason why the second language learning experience can reduce access ability during speech production. The review, finally, pointed out the urgent problems of the bilingual access disadvantage. The first of the problems was the scope of thedisadvantage. Language processing includes language comprehension and language production, which can be divided into speech production andwriting production. Thus, more systemic studies should focus on the negative influence on the different aspects of language processing. In addition,summarizing the explanations of this phenomenon from different perspectives is also an important task. What＇s more, the type of bilinguals is animportant factor influencing language processing. Thus, the scope of subjects in the experiments should be enlarged to different types, and researchersshould follow the development of these subjects as well. Finally, more research should be done to analyze the eompetence of access and discuss theinfluence from the bilingual experiences.