认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

    知觉学习是人类学习的重要方面，对它进行研究，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。注意作为知觉学习的一种心理机制，对此己经进行了大量的研究，但仍然存在较大的争论。本研究从不同水平的知觉学习入手，对注意的分配水平进行直接控制，探讨不同水平的知觉学习中注意的作用。
    实验一和实验二，分别用内源性线索和外源性线索的不同有效性来分配注意，研究在基本特征刺激的探测过程中是否存在注意的作用;在此基础上，实验三进一步探讨了在基本特征刺激的知觉学习过程中是否存在注意的作用。实验四采用不同任务影响注意分配的方式，探讨了在简单刺激的知觉学习中注意的作用，实验五是采用三种不同的测试方法，检验在简单刺激的知觉学习中的学习效果，实验六在实验四的研究结果的基础上，探讨对注意是否能促进结构化硬件的形成。实验七采用了与实验四相似的方式，探讨了在复杂刺激的知觉学习过程中注意的作用，实验八采用两种不同的测试方法，检验复杂刺激知觉学习的学习效果.
    主要的结泉和结论如下:
    (1)、在基本特征刺激的探测过程中，存在注意的作用;基本特征刺激的知觉学习过程中存在注意的作用;
    (2 ),、简单刺激的知觉学习过程，注意促进了简单刺激的知觉学习，并且易化了结构化硬件的形成。
    (3)、复杂刺激的知觉学习过程中，注意选择的是刺激材料物理特性上的相似性。
    (4)、实验结果表明:在不同水平的知觉学习过程中，注意的作用是受任务和刺激材料驱
动和控制的。
    本研究将注意直接作为一个研究变量来探讨它在不同水平的知觉学习中的作用，这与己有的研究结果根据双任务的学习效果或任务相互作用水平作为指标来推论注意在知觉学习中的作用不同，在方法上有助于揭示助于在知觉学习中的作用。结合本研究的具体研究结果，本文对不同水平的知觉学习的理解提供了有价值的数据，有助于人们对知觉学习更深入的理解。

    Perceptual learning is an important aspect of human's learning not only in the theoretic research but also in the application. Despite of so many researches, there is still considerable debate regarding the role of the attention, as one of the mental mechanisms of perceptual learning. Eight Experiments are conducted to investigate the role of attention on the different level of the perceptual learning, in which the assignments of the attention was manipulated.
    In Experiment I and Experiment 2, the validity of the endogenesis cues and the extergenesis cues were manipulated separately to investigate whether there is attentional effect on the basic feature target's parallel processing. The results show that even the searching of the basic features is preattentive coding in parallel display; the reactive time is highly influenced by the location of the attention. The attentional affection carries out by inhabiting the distractor and also improving the target processing. Based on the results of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, Experiment 3 features' perceptual learning. The features' perceptual  learning; The results indicate: (1) There is attentional effect on features' perceptual  learning; (2) The features' perceptual learning improve the ability, which the subjects treat information in the early visual processing.
    In Experiment 4, Experiment 5 and Experiment 6, simpler stimuli's perceptual learning was investigated the function of attention on the in different tasks, on subjects assigned different attention. The results indicate: (1) There is which the attentional
effect on the simpler stimuli's perceptual learning; (2) the attentional effect carries out by facilitating the form of the structural "hardware" (the psychological pattern).
    In Experiment 7 and Experiment 8, the function of attention on the complex stimuli's perceptual learning was investigated with the same manipulation of the attention as that in  Experiment 4. The results indicate: during the complex stimuli's perceptual learning, the attentional affection carries out by facilitating the process of the topological property of the complex stimuli.
      All experiments indicate that the attentional effect is depended on the task and the stimuli. With the different stimuli, the attention affection is different. No matter which level of the perceptual learning, be sure to exist the attentional affection.