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The Influence of Counterfactual Comparison on Fairness in Gain-Loss Contexts | |
Li, Qi1,2![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |
Correspondent Email | zhengya@dmu.edu.cn ; xunliu@gmail.com |
Abstract | Fairness perceptions may be affected by counterfactual comparisons. Although certain studies using a two player ultimatum game (UG) have shown that comparison with the proposers influences the responders' fairness perceptions in a gain context, the effect of counterfactual comparison in a UG with multiple responders or proposers remains unclear, especially in a loss context. To resolve these issues, this study used a modified three-player UG with multiple responders in Experiment 1 and multiple proposers in Experiment 2 to examine the influence of counterfactual comparison on fairness-related decision-making in gain and loss contexts. The two experiments consistently showed that regardless of the gain or loss context, the level of inequality of the offer and counterfactual comparison influenced acceptance rates (ARs), response times (RTs), and fairness ratings (FRs). If the offers that were received were better than the counterfactual offers, unequal offers were more likely to be accepted than equal offers, and participants were more likely to report higher FRs and to make decisions more quickly. In contrast, when the offers they received were worse than the counterfactual offers, participants were more likely to reject unequal offers than equal offers, reported lower FRs, and made decisions more slowly. These results demonstrate that responders' fairness perceptions are influenced by not only comparisons of the absolute amount of money that they would receive but also specific counterfactuals from other proposers or responders. These findings improve our understanding of fairness perceptions. |
Keyword | counterfactual comparison social decision-making ultimatum game loss context gain context |
2017-05-09 | |
Language | 英语 |
DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00683 |
Source Publication | FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
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ISSN | 1664-1078 |
Volume | 8Issue:0Pages:1-11 |
Subtype | Article |
Indexed By | SSCI |
WOS Keyword | 3-PERSON ULTIMATUM GAME ; ECONOMIC DECISION-MAKING ; SOCIAL COMPARISONS ; BRAIN RESPONSES ; NEURAL RESPONSES ; UNFAIRNESS ; BEHAVIOR ; ERP ; PREFERENCES ; COMPETITION |
WOS Headings | Social Sciences |
WOS Research Area | Psychology |
WOS Subject | Psychology, Multidisciplinary |
WOS ID | WOS:000401223800001 |
Citation statistics | |
Document Type | 期刊论文 |
Identifier | http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/21473 |
Collection | 中国科学院行为科学重点实验室 |
Corresponding Author | Ya Zheng; Xun Liu |
Affiliation | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Key Lab Behav Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.UCAS, Dept Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford Psychophysiol Lab, Stanford, CA USA 4.Dalian Med Univ, Dept Psychol, Dalian, Peoples R China |
First Author Affilication | Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, CAS |
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Li, Qi,Wang, Chunsheng,Taxer, Jamie,et al. The Influence of Counterfactual Comparison on Fairness in Gain-Loss Contexts[J]. FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY,2017,8(0):1-11. |
APA | Li, Qi.,Wang, Chunsheng.,Taxer, Jamie.,Yang, Zhong.,Zheng, Ya.,...&Xun Liu.(2017).The Influence of Counterfactual Comparison on Fairness in Gain-Loss Contexts.FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY,8(0),1-11. |
MLA | Li, Qi,et al."The Influence of Counterfactual Comparison on Fairness in Gain-Loss Contexts".FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 8.0(2017):1-11. |
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