健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

摘要:目的探讨父母受教育程度对中小学生抑郁水平的影响。方法于2011年4-7月采用分层随机抽样法，在北京、上海、浙江等10个省、自治区、直辖市的85个区县抽取年龄在10一17岁的中小学生70 628人，采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES一D)和自编问卷(教育部基础教育一司“中小学生积极心理品质调查研究”学生问卷)进行调查。结果有效调查47 863人，中小学生抑郁症状得分为(14. 64士10. 08)分;男生抑郁总得分高于女生(P<0.001)，小学生抑郁总得分最低(P<0.001);中小学生总抑郁检出率为11. 64% ( 5 570/47 863 )，小学生、初中生、高中生抑郁检出率分别为9. 24% ,13. 52%和13. 26% ,男生和女生抑郁检出率分别为12. 42%和10%%;家庭氛围在父母受教育程度r11中小学生抑郁水平的关系中起着部分中介作用((t父=一11. 984 2 , t母=一11. 126 9,P <0. 001)。结论父母受教育程度不仅直接影响中小学生抑郁水平，还通过家庭氛围间接影响中小学生抑郁水平，良好的家庭氛围有助于减少青少年抑郁的发生。

Objective   To explore the effect of parental education level on the level of depression in primary and high school students. Methods   Using stratified random sampling, we selected 70 628 students aged 10 to 17 years (mean=14. 11 years , standard deviation=2. 37 years)from primary and high schools in 85 districts or counties of 10 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the central government for a questionnaire survey with The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,(CES一D) and a positive mental characters questionnaire for primary and high school students compiled by the First Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education. The survey was conducted between April and July 2011 and eligible information were collected from 47 863 students totally. Results   The mean depressive symptoms score was 14. 64士10. 084 for all the students , with a significantly higher mean score among the boy students than among the girl students ( P<0. 001)and a significantly lower mean score among the primary school students ( P<0. 001).The overall detection rate of depression was 11. 64%(5 570/47 863)among the students; the detection rates were 9. 24%，13.52% ,and 13.26% among primary,junior high,and senior high school students,and the detection rates were 12.42% and 10. 96% among boy and girl students,respectively. Family atmosphere showed a intermediary role significantly on the correlation between parental education level and the level of depression among the students ( tfather=11. 9842 , tmother=11. 1269;P<0. 001).Conclusion   Parental education influences，not only directly but also indirectly through family atmosphere,on the level of depression and good family environment is helpful to reduce the incidence of depression among adolescent students.