健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

    目的:探讨轻度认知损伤(Mild Cognitive impairment, MCI)老年人的执行功能特点。
    方法:运用神经心理学研究方法〔连线测验(Trail Making Test),宝提斯迷宫测验(Porteus Maze Test)、词语流畅性测验(Verbal Fluency Test)、Go-No/Go测验、Stroop颜色命名测验(Stroop Color Naming Task)]，比较30名MCI老年人和30名正常老年人(Normal Control, NC)的加工速度、认知计划能力、认知灵活性及抑制能力。MCI和NC组的平均年龄和受教育程度均无显著差异。
    结果:
    1.两组连线测验A,Go-No/Go测验及Stroop颜色命名测验基线水平无显著差异。
    2.两组连线测验B, Porteus Maze Test、词语流畅性测验差异显著。连线测验B中，F (1, 56) =5. O1，p<0. 05; Porteus Maze Test中，t (58) =5. 32, p<0. 0。01;词语流畅性测验的两个测验结果分别为F(1, 58)=24.20, p<0.001 ,  F(1,58)=13.11，p<0.001。
    3.Go-No/Go测验中的No/G。正确率在两组中没有显著差异。两组被试均表现出显著的 Stroop干扰效应，但两组没有显著差异。NC组Stroop干扰效应的比例为20. 37%; . MCI组Stroop干扰效应的比例为19. 41%。
    4. Stroop颜色命名测验中NC组表现出了明显的Stroop效应，t(29)=-11. 09,  p<0. 001，干扰效应的比例为27.43%、明显的重复分心物促进效应，t (29) =2.13, p<0.05，促进效应的比例为4.88%，但没有显著的负启动效应;而MCI组只有明显的Stroop效应，t ( 29 ) =-11. 44,  p<0. 001，干扰效应的比例为28.16%，没有重复分心物促进效应，也没有显著的负启动效应。两组的troop效应和负启动效应均无显著差异。
    结论:
    1.   MC工组的认知计划能力和认知灵活性与NC组有显著差异，表明MCI组的认知计划能力和认知灵活性受到了损害。
    2.MCI组的加工速度、抑制能力都比NC组差，但差异不显著。
    3.MCI老年人的执行功能具有可分离性。

    Aim: Explored the Process Speed, Cognitive Planning Ability, Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibition Ability of in the elderly with MCI.
    Method: Trail Making Test A and B, Porteus Maze Test, Verbal Fluency Test,Go-No/Go test and Stroop Color Naming Task were used to investigate Executive Function of 30 MCI and 30 NC. The average age and education level of MCI group and NC have no significant difference.
Result:
    1. There is no significant difference between MCI group and NC group in Trail Making Naming Test A and the baseline condition of Go-No/Go Test and Stroop Color Test.
    2．Comparing with NC group, MCI group performed significantly worse in Trail Making Test B, Porteus Maze Test and Verbal Fluency Test. In Trail Making Test B，F(1，56)=5.01，p<0.05; in Porteus Maze Test, t(58)=5.32, p<0.01;in two tests of Verbal Fluency Test respectively: F(1，58)=24.20, p<0.001、F(1，58)=13.11，p<0.001.
    3．In Go-No/Go test, both of two groups showed significant Stroop Effect, the Stroop Effect ratio of NC group is 20.37%, and MCI group is 19.41%. However, there is no difference between them. And also there is no difference on correct rate of all levels between them.
    4．In Stroop Test, NC group showed significant Stroop Effect, t(29)=-11.09 p<0.001，the Stroop Effect ration is 27.43%，and significant Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect, t(29)=2.13，p<0.05, the Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect ratio is 4.88%, but no Negative Priming Effect; however, in MCI group, only the Stroop Effect appeared, t(29)=-11.44, p<0.001，the Stroop Effect ration is 28.16%，but no Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect and no Negative Priming Effect.There is no difference between MCI and NC in Stroop Effect and Negative Priming Effect.
    Conclusion:
    1 .Comparing with NC group, the Cognitive Planning Ability and Cognitive Flexibility of MCI group were impaired significantly.
    2. Process Speed and Inhibition Ability of MCI group is worse than NC group, but the difference is not significant.
    3.The pathological aging of Executive Function in MCI group showed: Executive Function should not be a unitary system but should be parted into separable functions.