健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

    目前留守儿童问题备受关注，2007年成为两会的重要提案。随着中国城市化进程的加快，留守儿童的数量有继续增加的趋势，年龄也在推移，出现的问题也会延伸至青年、成年期。因此，本研究力图以依恋理论为视角来探讨曾经的留守经历对留守儿童成年以后心理行为的影响，从依恋的角度去理解和解释他们在心理行为上的差异，并考察了留守经历、成人依恋对留守大学生心理行为的影响。采用问卷调查法，对河北省2所高校4271名农村生源的在校大学生进行调查，1062筛选出“有过儿童期留守经历的农村生源大学生(后简称为留守大学生)”人。主要结果如下:
    1.留守大学生与非留守大学生比较，留守大学生抑郁、焦虑水平更高，自尊水平更低，人际关系更不和谐，较少采用积极的应对方式。
    2.留守经历(分离年龄、分离时程、联系频率、回家频率和相聚时间作为衡量留守经历的指标)对留守大学生的心理行为有影响，研究表明:分离年龄越小，其自尊水平越低，较多采用消极的应对方式;分离时程越长，其焦虑水平越高，人际困扰越多;联系频率越多，其抑郁、焦虑水平越低，较少采用消极应对方式，人际困扰越少;回家频率、相聚时间影响其焦虑、人际关系，但受其他因素影响较大。
    3.留守大学生在依恋回避、依恋焦虑维度上的得分显著高于非留守大学生C t=3. 162, }0. 002;  t=2. 239, }0. 025);一留守大学生的成人依恋存在性别差异，女生依恋回避、依恋焦虑的程度显著高于男生(t=-8.056,,p=0.000； t=-2. 367,p=0. 018 )。
4.联系频率、相聚时间对留守大学生依恋回避的得分影响显著(F=4. 223X0.002; X2.974, ,0.019);分离年龄、相聚时间对其依恋焦虑的得分影响显著(X4.977, p=0.002;  X3.604, X0.006)。
    5.相关分析表明:留守大学生成人依恋各维度与心理行为各因子之间相关显著;回归分析表明:依恋回避对人际关系有预测力(RZ=0. 19 )，依恋焦虑对抑郁(RZ=0. 11)、状态焦虑(RZ=0.     11)、特质焦虑(RZ=0. 16 )、人际关系(RZ=0. 18 )有较好的预测力。
6.留守大学生成人依恋、留守经历对心理行为各因子间的回归分析表明:大学生的留守经历会通过其依恋特征对心理行为产生影响。

    Currently the problem of "left-behind children" has been the heated issue in our society. The "left-behind children" became the important proposal during NPC and CPPCC in 2007. With Reform policy and Urbanization process in China, the number of left-behind children will increase in the coming decades as the age goes. Therefore,the "left-behind children" problem occurs not only in childhood, but also will be extended to adulthood. This study will try to explore the effects of psychological behavior from the perspective of adult attachment theory among undergraduate from rural areas with left-behind experiences in childhood.This study wants to obtain the situation of adult attachment and psychological-behavioral characteristics of different dimensions of adult attachment through questionnaires among college students from rural areas with  le8-behind  experiences  in  childhood,  and from the point of attachment to understand and explain their differences in psychology and behavior.And on this basis, to explore the relationship with left-behind experiences, adult attachment and psychological behavior.
    In this study, 4271 rural college students were investigated through questionnaires  and  1062  college students from  rural areas with left-behind experiences in childhood are selected.
  Conclusion:
    1 .The undergraduate from rural areas with left-behind experiences in interpersonal difficulties and less use of positive coping style.
    2. Left-behind experience (separation of age, separation of duration, contact
frequency, frequency of coming back home and staying together served as index of
measuring the left-behind experience) has influence on their psychology and behavior.Research shows that the younger of separation, the lower of self-esteem level; the less use of more negative coping styles; the longer the separation duration, the higher the anxiety level, the more interpersonal problems; the more contact frequency; the lower their depression and anxiety, the less negative coping style; the fewer interpersonal problems. Home frequency and time together affect their anxiety and interpersonal relationships, but also largely influenced by other factors.
    3. The left -behind Students' scores were significantly higher than non-Left students in attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety dimension (t=3.162, p=0.002; t=2.239, p=0.025); adult attachment in college students has gender differences; women's  attachment  avoidance  and  their  degree  of  attachment  anxiety  are significantly higher than boys (t=一8.056, p=0.000; t=一2.367, p=0.018).
    4. Students have contact frequency with their parents, and together time has significant effects on the scores of their attachment avoidance (F=4.223, p=0.002; F=2.974, p=0.019); separation of age and together time has significant effects on the attachment anxiety (F=4.977, p=0.002; F=3.604, p=0.006)
    5. Correlation analysis shows that adult attachment dimensions of students left behind is significantly related with their psychological behavior factors; regression analysis shows that attachment avoidance have predictive power of the interpersonal relationships (R2一0.19), and attachment anxiety has better predictive power of depression (R2一0.11),  state  anxiety(R2=0.11), trait anxiety (Rz=0.16), relationships (R2一0.18)
    6. The regression analysis of left- behind  Students' adult attachment and left-behind experience on the psychological behavior factors shows that students'left-behind experience will have an impact on the psychological behavior through their attachment characteristics.