中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

在用图形方式集中呈现信息的条件下 ,用因果力大小比较的实验范式检验效力PC理论。 2 33名大学生被试对不同化学药物影响动物基因变异的能力做大小比较判断。结果发现 ,对单一因果关系因果力大小的比较判断具有以下 3个特点 :(1)不对称性 :在预防原因条件下的因果力判断一般符合效力PC理论 ,而在产生原因条件下的因果力判断一般不符合效力PC理论 ; (2 )在同时变化协变值ΔP和结果基率ΔP(E|～C)的产生原因条件下 ,多数被试使用ΔP规则。这与概率对比模型的预测相一致 ,而不支持效力PC理论 ; (3)在固定协变值ΔP而只变化结果基率P(E|～C)的产生原因条件下 ,多数被试使用变异比RP规则。这是目前所有的因果推理理论都不能解释的现象。

The Power PC theory was tested by using the concentrative presentation of graph representation of information and the paradigm of comparing causal power. The participants were 233 college students. The results showed that comparative judgments of causal power of single causal relationships had the following characteristics: (a) Most judgments were in accord with the Power PC theory in the conditions of preventive causes, but conversely most judgments were not in accord with the theory in the conditions of generative causes, (b) in the condition of generat ive causes with simultaneous changes of the covariation coefficient and the base rate of the effect, most participants used the P rule of probabilistic contrast model, which was not in accord with the Power PC theory, and ( c) in the condition of generative causeswith the change of the base rate of the effect and the constant covariation coefficient, most participants used the RP rule, which couldn# t be explained by all known theories of causal reasoning.