社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

目的了解我国医生职业倦怠现状,为促进医生身心健康提供参考。方法2012年7至10月使用改编的《医生职业倦怠量表》对全国十地区510名医生进行调查。结果被调查医生中84.9%有中等以上程度的情感衰竭,87.8%有中等以上程度的去人性化,81.8%有中等以上程度低个人成就感。未婚医生的情绪衰竭[(28±10)分]和去人性化程度[(13±5)分]显著高于已婚医生[(26±10)分,(12±5)分](t=2.12,P=0.03;t=2.06,P=0.04),未婚医生个人成就感[(23±11)分]低于已婚组[(27±15)分](t=-3.38,P=0.00);不同临床工龄医生在个人成就感维度上差异有统计学意义(F=4.26,P=0.00),临床工龄在16年以上的医生个人成就感[(30±13)分]高于10年以下组[〈5年组(25±12)分,6~10年组(24±15)分](P=0.03;P:0.01);不同等级医院医生在情绪衰竭上差异有统计学意义(F=3.75,P=0.02),其中三级医院医生情绪衰竭程度[(28±11)分]显著高于二级以下医院医生[二级(26±10)分,一级(23±6)分](P=0.04)。各科室医生在情绪衰竭维度上差异有统计学意义(F=2.34,P=0.04),其中急诊科医生的情绪衰竭程度显著高于其他科室医生(P〈0.05)。结论目前我国医生群体的职业倦怠现象较为普遍,且严重程度令人担忧。在预防和矫治医生职业倦怠时,应重点关注婚姻状况、工龄、医院级别及所在科室的工作性质等因素。

Objective To explore the status of job burnout among Chinese physicians and identify the risk factors for hospital human resource management. Methods A total of 510 physicians from 10 areas of China participated in the survey from July to October 2012. Results Among them, 84. 9% reported medium or higher level of emotional exhaustion, 87.8% with moderate degree of depersonalization and 81.8% with at least moderate degree of diminished personal accomplishment. The degree of job burnout was higher among physicians who were unmarried ( t = 2. 12, P = 0. 03 ; t = 2. 06, P = 0. 04 ) , under 10-year seniority( P = 0. 03 ; P = 0. 01 ) , working at tertiary hospitals ( F = 2. 34, P = 0. 04 ) or emergency department ( P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusion As a common phenomenon in China, job burnout among physicians should raise great concerns. Individual's marriage status, length of service, degree of education, hospital class and affiliated department should be considered when identification and intervention of physicians' job burnout are implemented.