健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

应激对机体生理功能、心理与行为活动有极大调节作用,是人类生活质量、身心健康和疾病的主要风险因素。随着认知神经科学技术快速发展,人脑活动由“神秘”变得更加“可视”。从认知神经科学角度出发,揭示应激调节心理与行为活动的脑机制,将为应激相关精神疾病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。本文旨在探讨应激对大脑、心理与行为活动调节的基本规律,总结和概括了人类应激的认知神经科学研究最新进展,归纳并提出“应激对脑、心理与行为调节的多元交互模型”。

Stress has profound impacts on physiology, the brain, cognition and behaviour. In response to stress, the brain initiates several neuromodulatory and endocrine systems. This leads to the release of stress-sensitive mediators, including neuromodulators, hormones and neuropeptides, which in turn feed back on the brain and thus alters cognition and behaviour. As the progress of sophisticated cognitive neu- roimaging techniques, cognitive neuroscientists have begun to elucidate the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying detrimental and beneficial effects of stress on emotion, cognition and behaviour in the human brain. Stress-related neuromodulations occur at various stages of information processing, from the initial vigilance, attention, executive functions, learning and memory, and emotion. We reviewed re- cent advances in cognitive neuroscience of stress and proposed a multidimensional model of stress for better understanding how stress-sensitive neuromodulatory and endocrine systems interplay to impact the brain, cognition and behaviour in humans.