中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的探讨城镇化进程中农村老年人的生活满意度状况及影响因素。方法运用非随机取样方法,在福建省福鼎市选取传统农村、城乡结合部和城市老年人共1 761名,采用生活满意度量表(SWLS)调查老年人生活满意度。结果受调查老年人的生活满意度得分由低到高分别为传统农村(20.84±5.00)分、城乡结合部(22.78±5.75)分和城市(24.72±5.91)分,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。三组老年人生活满意度的影响因素基本一致,在控制其他因素的影响后,传统农村和城乡结合部老年人与城市老年人的生活满意度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论城镇化显著提升了农村老年人的生活满意度,政府应着力改善农村地区的经济和健康保障水平及老年人的家庭支持和社会参与状况,进一步提升农村老年人的生活满意度。

Objective To compare the life satisfaction and related factors among rural elderly living in urban-rural fringe zones and traditional villages with urban elderly, during the process of urbanization. Methods There were 1761 older adults living in traditional villa-ges, urban-rural fringe zones and urban areas of Fuding, Fujian Province was surveyed through nonrandom sampling. The satisfaction with life scale ( SWLS) was adopted to assess life satisfaction and a self-prepared questionnaire was used to investigate other relevant demographi-cal information. Results The life satisfaction scores of older adults living in traditional villages, urban-rural fringe zones and urban areas was 20. 84±5. 00, 22. 78±5. 75, and 24. 72±5. 91 respectively. Urban elderly scored the highest on life satisfaction and elderly in traditional vil-lages scored the lowest. The difference was statistically significant in all pairwise comparisons. Analysis of variance showed that related fac-tors of life satisfaction for the three groups was largely consistent. Multiple liner regression analysis showed that self-rated financial situation, self-rated health, family support and social participation was the most important factors related to life satisfaction (P<0. 001). In addition, the three groups of older adults didn't differ significantly in life satisfaction after controlling relative factors. Conclusions The life satisfaction of rural elderly is improved significantly during urbanization, nevertheless, the life satisfaction of elderly in traditional villages remains the lowest. In order to promote the life satisfaction of rural elderly, public policies should focus on improving the economy and medical security of rural areas, as well as facilitating family support and social participation.