认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

摘要：启动效应（Priming Effect）是指执行某一任务，对后来执行相同或类似的任务产生的促进作用，通常表现为反应时缩短和正确率的提高等。此前关于面孔情绪启动效应的事件相关电位（Event-Related Potentials，ERPs）研究表明，这一效应与情绪唤醒度的高低有关，主要表现为早期后部负电位（Early Posterior Negativity, EPN）及晚期正成分（Late Positive Potentials, LPP）的差异，但是是否与效价有关还没有一致性结果。此外，有关情绪性面孔重复启动效应的研究多停留在知觉水平上，鲜有研究来证明是情绪的表象中是否存在情绪性面孔启动效应，以及两者的时间进程是否存在差异。因此，本研究关注知觉和表象过程中，愉快与愤怒两种情绪性面孔的加工是否存在启动效应，以及这种启动效应的时间进程差异。研究选取NimStim情绪性面孔数据库中20位演员的愉快和愤怒图片作为启动刺激，随后呈现同一演员不同表情的图片，或者通过颜色提示被试对表情图片进行表象。知觉与表象任务下，被试均需要对情绪类型作出判断，并采用ERPs进行记录。反应时结果发现，被试在知觉与表象任务中都表现出了启动效应，且不存在情绪效价上的差异。ERP结果发现，N170成分未发现情绪启动效应，但是表象任务的幅值显著大于无任务条件，表明被试是真正在表象；对EPN成分的分析发现，知觉与表象条件下虽然都显示出了启动效应，但是两者存在区别。在知觉条件下，表现为对于愤怒目标面孔的启动效应，在表象条件下，表现为对于愉快目标面孔的启动效应。在LPP结果上，在知觉条件下发现了愉快、愤怒条件下的启动效应，表现为当启动刺激与目标刺激效价一致时，LPP幅值减弱；但在表象条件下，仅对愉快面孔存在启动效应。综上所述，知觉与表象均存在启动效应，但两者的加工模式存在差异。

Abstract：Priming Effect refers to the promoting effect for the same or similar task subsequently shown, when a task is experienced. This means that later experiences of the task will be processed more quickly and with higher accuracy. Previous ERP studies on the priming effect of facial emotions have shown that this effect is related to emotional arousal, as reflected by Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and Late Positive Potential (LPP), but the role of valence is far from clear out. So far, the research on the repetition effect of emotional facial expressions has remained at the level of perception, and there is little research to prove whether there is a priming effect in the imagery processes of emotional facial expressions and lack of research on the difference of the priming effect between perception and imagination. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether there is a priming effect in the processing of happy and angry emotional facial expressions in the process of perception and imagery, and the time course of this priming effect. The happy, angry and neutral expressions of 20 actors were chosen from the NimStim dataset as the priming stimuli. Followed by the priming stimuli, the picture of the same actor (perceptual condition), or a colored frame without a face were shown (imagination condition, the colors were assigned to represent the imagination of different facial expressions). Under both the perception and imagination condition, the subjects were asked to discriminate the type of emotions, and the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs ) were recorded simultaneously. The behavioral results found that the participants showed a priming effect in both perception and imagery tasks. More importantly, ERP results revealed that there was no emotional priming effect in the analysis of N170 component, but the magnitude of the imagery task is significantly larger than the nogo condition, indicating that the participants did imagine as required. The analysis of the EPN component found that both the perceptual and imagery conditions showed priming effects, but under the perceptual condition, the priming effect only occurred when the target face emotion is anger, on the contrary, the priming effect of the happy target face only appeared under the imagery condition. Refers to LPP , priming effects under happy and angry conditions were found during perceptual condition; however, under the imagery condition, the priming effect was found only when the target conditions were happy emotions, and no priming effect under anger emotion faces was found. In summary, there are priming effects in perception and imagery condition, but there are differences in the processing modes.