社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

       安全文化是复杂社会技术系统研究的热点问题。纵观近儿一十年来学术界的研究，安全文化的概念、内容结构的分歧越来越多，其影响因素、作用机制尚有争议。本研究通过对已有安全文化概念和复杂技术系统安全控制因素的分析，将安全文化界定为组织成员共享的价值观和行为准则。在此基础上，通过参与观察、深度访谈、问卷调查和因素分析等多种方法对供电企业进行深度研究，探析电力安全文化的内容结构，编制具有高信效度的电力安全文化评价工具。

       研究主要包括三个部分:四名研究人员持续一个月的参与观察，获取情景性行为片段73个，专家聚类法获取电力安全文化内容结构;在查阅大量文献的基础上，以参与观察研究结论为基础，综合32名不同阶层电力职工深度访谈所提取信息，编制《电力安全文化评价工具》，通过大规模随机抽样获取有效样本741名;对数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析，提取因子，并验证模型，与参与观察研究结论相互验证。得到如下结果结论:

      1根据参与观察研究结果，得到电力安全文化评价的6个类中心:管理效力、人性观、规则执行、公平公正性、安全学习和工作态度;

       2探索性因素分析提取出管理效力、人性观、规则执行、公平公正性和工作态度等五个因子，验证电力安全文化的结构;

       3数据统计分析证实《电力安全文化评价手册》具备较高的信效度，因子模型匹配较好;

       4高风险组织的安全文化是组织成员共享的价值观系统，强调了安全对生产的重要性。安全文化通过组织成员的知觉、态度、行为方式及其产物表现出来。

Safety culture is a heated z-esearch field in complex socio-technical systems. But looking at recent decades' scholarship study, more and more diversities have been brought out on its concept, content, causes and consequences. After having reviewed concepts of safety control of complex socio-technical systems, safety culture was proposed as shared values and behavioral norms by all members of high risk organization. Then the study was deeply conducted in electric power enterprises with triangulated methods such as participant observation, depth interview, questiomiaire survey and factor analysis in order to make clear the content structure of safety culture and compile the safety culture evaluation tools used in power industry with high reliability and validity.

The study consists of three parts. After 4 investigators caz-rying out a continuous month participant observation and 73 situational behavior segments were collected,the safety culture content of power industry was presented itself by experts-cluster analysis. On the basis of literature review and the study conclusion of participant observation, "the safety culture evaluation tools used in Power industry" was compiled as the information from 32 different typical electrical employees' depth interview was integrated, through large-scale random sampling 741 samples were valid. Factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and model was confirmed by confirnlatory factor analysis, and the conclusion was the same as the study of participant observation.

The conclusions were as follows:

1 Based on the results of participant observation, 6 category center were got:

management effectiveness、the proletarian viewpoints of humanity、regulation implement, fair impartiality, safety study and work attitude;

2 After five factors such as management effectiveness·the proletarian viewpoints of humanity, regulation implement, fair impartiality and work attitude were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, the content of electrical safety culture was confimned;

3 Data analysis indicated that the reliability and validity of the "safety culture evaluation tools used in power industry" are high, and the goodness}of fit of the structural model meets requirements;

4 The safety culture of high}risk organization is proposed as shared values and behavioral norms by all members, emphasizing that safety is very important to production. The safety culture was exhibited by organizational member' s perception,attitude, fashion and production of action.