认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

有创造性的人一定很聪明吗?这是创造力心理学领域中一个非常古老的话题。以往研究己经表明，个体智力水平会影响创造力发展，但其影响力的大小还有很多争议。目前，研究者开始使用系统论的观点讨论智力和创造力的关系。那么，个体创造力的发展究竟受到哪些因素的影响呢?它们之间如何相互作用影响个体的创造力发展?这就是本研究旨在系统考察的问题。

本研究的目的是在对阈限理论讨论的基础上，试图为创造性系统模型提供更多的实验证据。研究以7到10岁的城市小学儿童为研究对象，研究一以7-9岁儿童为对象，讨论了儿童智力与创造力的关系;在此基础上，研究二进一步讨论了好奇心在儿童智力和创造力中的作用。获得了以下主要结论:

(1)智力和创造力存在显著相关，但超常/常态儿童智力对创造力的影响不同。智力对超常儿童创造力存在较大的影响，而与常态儿童创造力的相关则较弱。

(2)年龄影响智力对儿童创造力的预测作用。进一步的分析表明，年龄对超常儿童影响更大，随着年龄的增长，超常儿童创造力的增长速度超过常态儿童。

(3)交叉滞后分析表明，儿童智力和创造力的关系具有历时的稳定性，但智力对儿童创造力的预测度较低;并月.研究进一步表明智力是创造力的原因变量。

(4)好奇心包括认识好奇心和}l=1觉好奇心，智力和知觉好奇心无关，而和认识好奇心有关;但知觉好奇心和认识好奇心对创造力都有显著的预测作用。

(5)模型比较的结果表明，智力对创造力作用受到好奇心的影响，好奇心对创造力的影响取决于智力对创造力的作用。

上述研究表明，智力是儿童创造力发展的影响因素;随着年龄的增长，不同智力水平儿童创造力的变化趋势存在一定的差异。好奇心对儿童创造力具有一定的预测作用，但这种预测取决于儿童的智力水平。本研究的结果表明，也许阈限理论很难解释智力和创造力的关系，但智力导入量模型得到了实验证据的支持。

Are creative people smart? T'he relation between creativity and intelligence is a venerable problem in the psychology of creativity. Some studies indicated that creativity development was influenced by intelligence, but some arguments still exist on effect size by intelligence. Creativity system theory interpreted the relation between creativity and intelligence applied by some studiese. So the present study aimed at which factors have effect on creativity and how they work together.

Threshold theory eves discussed lgrstly, and more empirical evidences were given to validate creative system theory. Some 7 to 10 yrs old children were included in the study. The relation between intelligence and creativity was discussed in study 1. Furthermore the role of curiosity in relation between children's intelligence and creativity was discussed in study 2. The present work showed that:

Firstly, signigicant relationship existed in intelligence and creativity, but there were some different of supernormal/normal children, More effects by intelligence were on creativity of supernormal children, but it was not so on creativity of normal cildren.

Secondly，Age was a moderator between children's intellgence and creativity. Further analysis shoved that more effect size on supernormal children's intelligence and creativity had by ale, the more children's age, the more increase rate of creativity on supernormal children's creativity.

Thirdly Cross-lag panel analysis showed that, intelligence was an important cause variable9 and there was a stable relationslalp cross time between intelligence and creativity, but its effect size was low.

Fourtlaly, curiosity included epistemic curiosity and perceptual curiosity. There were no relation beween intelligence and perceptual curiosity, but not so between intelligence and epistemic curiosity. Both epistemic and perceptual curiosity had effect on creatlivity. Fifth, SEM analysis showed that, curiosity had effect on the relationship between intelligence and creativity. What's moree, the effect on creativity influenced by intelligence levels.

In summary, intelligence had effect on children's creativity. With age ldevelopment, there were different developmental trend of creativity in supernormal/normal children. Curiosity also had more effect on creativity, but the effect size depended on individual intelligence level. The present study indicated that the rehtion between intelligence and creativity couldn't be supported by threshold theory. but more evidence showed that we could understand the relation between intelligence and reativity with creativity system model.