健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

本研究采用问卷法，探讨了农村地区儿童气质、父母养育方式和儿童行为问题之间的关系。研究分为三个部分进行:第一部分，农村儿童气质、父母养育方式、儿童行为问题的人口学差异研究;第二部分，儿童气质与父母养育方对同期儿童行为问题的影响;第三部分:儿童气质、行为与父母养育方式对2年后儿童行为问题的预测。被试为北京市怀柔、顺义、通州、昌平、大兴5个农村区县2-3岁儿童，共779人，并在2年后对大兴区被试进行追踪调查109人。研究表明:

1.北京市农村儿童气质类型存在显著年龄差异，气质维度存在性别差异;养育方式存在性别和年龄差异;外化行为问题存在性别差异，内化行为问题存在年龄差异。

2.2-3岁儿童行为问题的主要影响因素为儿童气质，气质对于内化行为的影响大于外化行为;家庭养育环境影响虽然显著，但预测作用很小;围产期危险因素主要对外化行为有影响。气质与养育情况及孕期情况结合可以提高方程的预测率。

3.儿童内化、外化行为问题具有一定稳定性，外化行为问题的稳定性高于内化行为问题。早期外化行为问题对以后外化行为问题有预测作用。

4.早期儿童气质的“节律性”与父母的“拒绝”相关，并对后期行为问题有预测作用。

The research adopted questionnaires to examine the relationship between children's temperamental characteristics, parents' rearing pattern and children's behavioral problems. The research is devided into three parts: the first, the demographic differences of children's temperament, parents' rearing pattern and children's behavioral problems; the second, the influencements on children's behavioral problems at the same period; the last is how about the influencement on children's behavioral problems after two years. Por about 779 2-3-year old children were investigated, and two years later, the part of Daxing districts follow-up investigation. The results indicates.

1 .There were age differences in temperament type and gender differences in temperament dimensions of rural children in Beijing; Significant gender and age differences were found in parents' rearing pattern; There were significant gender difference in externalizing behavior problems and age difference in internalizing behavior problems.

2. Temperament is the most important risk factor to children's behavior problems, especially on internalizing behavior problems9 parents' rearing pattern is another risk factor; the situation of pregnant of mothers can effect on externalizing behavior problems.

3. There was significant stability in externalizing behaviors, bnt less stability in internalizing behaviors.

4. The rhythmicity of children's temperament and rejection of parents' rearing pattern can predict childrcn's bchavioral problems after two years.