健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

近年来不断攀升的青少年犯罪率引起了全社会的普遍关注。父母教养方式与青少年问题行为的相关研究显示:父母的教养方式对青少年问题行为产生重要影响。然而，一前人研究并未关注父母教养方式的性别差异与问题行为性别差异间的关系。由于问题行为本身存在着性别差异，即男生比女生更易发生问题行为，那么教养方式对两性的差异性影响很可能是造成这种性别差异的原因。

因此，本研究第一部分考察父母教养方式对问题行为及性别差异的影响。为了进一步确定问题行为与父母教养方式间的关系，本研究第二部分采用异性双生子数据研究父母教养方式对问题行为及性别差异的影响。

本研究以随机整群抽样法在北京市18个区随机抽取青少年双生子(1387对)进行一般情沉、父母教养方式、问题行为的问卷调查。得到如下结果:

1、青少年问题行为具有性别差异:男生的问题行为水平显著高于女生。

2、问题行为与父母教养方式中的父亲温暖、母亲温暖、父亲监管、母亲监管四个维度均显著负相关;问题行为与父母教养方式中的父亲粗暴、母亲粗暴、父亲不一致管教、母亲不一致管教均显著正相关。

3、性别对父母教养方式与问题行为之间的关系中，在母亲粗暴与父亲粗暴这两个维度上具有调节作用，女生对父母亲粗暴教养方式的敏感程度更高。男生的问题行为水平会随着父亲的教养粗暴程度增加而减少。

4、异性双生子研究中，男生的问题行为水平与其双胞胎姐妹相比差异并不显著。

5、男生比他的双胞胎姐妹，得到父母更多的粗暴管教，更少关注:母亲给予的监管男生显著低于女生，母亲粗暴管教男生显著高于女生;父亲的粗暴管教男生显著高于女生。

结论:男生应该得到父母更多的关注和关心，以减少问题行为的发生。母亲在家庭教育中应该是避免粗暴而更加的温柔。异性双生子研究中，问题行为差异并不显著，父母的监管和粗暴管教上差异显著。

Recently, the increasing crime rate cause widespread public concern. The study of correlation between parenting styles and adolescent problem behaviors displayed that the parenting styles have an important affect on problem behaviors. However, previous research didn't concern the parenting styles' difference of boys and girls between adolescent problem behaviors difference of boys and girls. There was sex difference in adolescent problem behaviors, the boys had more problem behaviors than girls, maybe the sex difference of parenting styles was the reason of the sex difference of problem behaviors.

So, the first part of this study investigated the influence of parenting styles on adolescent problem behaviors and the differences of sex. In order to further determine the relationship of parenting styles and problem behaviors, at the second part of this study, we investigated the influence of opposite-sex twins' parenting styles on adolescent problem behaviors and the differences of sex. In a random cluster sampling method, 1387 pair adolescent twins randomly selected for the

questionnaire which was about general conditions, parenting styles and problem

behaviors in 18 districts of Beijing. we obtain the following results:

l .The problem behavior varied between different sex groups: the level of male

adolescents "problem behaviors is higher than female adolescents".

2.Adolescents' problem behaviors were significantly negative correlated with parenting styles: father warm, mother warm, father monitoring, mother monitoring；adolescents' problem behaviors wart significantly positive correlated with parenting styles: father harsh、 mother harsh、 father inconsistent、 mother inconsistent.

3.There is moderating effect of sex on the relationship between parenting styles harsh of father and mother and adolescents" problem behaviors. Females are more sensitive on harsh of father and mother. If father is more harsh to his song the boy will have fewer problem behaviors.

4.Thcre is no significantly difference on problem behaviors between twin sisters and their twin brothers.

5. There was a significant gender difference in these adolescents' reported: Males reported significantly lower maternal monitoring behavior and higher harsh parenting than those reported by their twin sisters.

Conclusion: In order to reduce the happening of the problem behaviors, the male adolescents should have more concerns. Mothers should be more gentle not harsh. The study of opposite-sex twin demonstrated that there is no significantly difference on problem behaviors between twin sisters and their twin brothers. Gender differences in harsh and monitor were significantly.