认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

社交焦虑障碍是青少年群体中常见的心理健康问题。研究表明，社交焦虑障碍个体常表现出对威胁性刺激的注意偏向，而通过注意偏向矫正训练( attention bias modification, ABM)可以缓解其焦虑症状。然而注意训练解被试焦虑症状的机制并不十分清楚，本研究采用事件相关电位（event-related potentials, ERPs)技术，旨在探讨ABM训练的潜在神经机制。

本研究以大学生社交焦虑个体为对象，采用随机分组控制实验设计，前后测分别对个体的焦虑症状、注意偏向得分、以及Go/Nogo和情绪Go/Nogo任务的脑电数据进行采集，训练程序等同于Amir等(2008)的研究，结果发现，接受注意偏向矫正程序(attention modification program, AMP）和 注意控制程序(attention control condition, ACC)的社交焦虑个体的焦虑症状都有所缓解。注意偏向得分的评估结果显示，AMP组的注意偏向得分降低，而ACC组的注意偏向得分没有显著改变。我们采用传统的Go/Nogo任务来评估被试的反应抑制能力，ERP结果显示，在Go/Nogo任务中，AMP和ACC训练均导致个体的N2波幅增大，P3波幅减小，说明AMP和ACC训练均能提高个体在反应抑制过程中对冲突的监测能力，并减少对抑制控制加工资源的投入。我们采用情绪Go/Nogo任务来评估被试在有情绪信息参与下的反应抑制能力。在情绪Go/Nogo任务中，ERP结果显示，训练后AMP和ACC组均呈现增大的N2成分，然而只有AMP组训练后的Nogo-P3波幅明显减小，这种效应在ACC组没有发现，这说明AMP训练较之ACC的不同之处，主要表现在有情绪信息干扰的情况下，AMP训练能更有效地提升个体的抗干扰能力及冲突抑制能力。

综上所述，重复的电脑基础的注意训练可以改善社交焦虑大学生的焦虑症状，有效提升其反应抑制功能。然而，相比注意偏向控制训练，注意偏向矫正训练能更好地提升个体的抗干扰能力，即在有情绪背景下的整体抑制功能。

Social anxiety disorder is a common psychological health problem among teenagers. It is marked and persistent fear of certain or most social situations. People with social anxiety disorders often exhibit an attentional bias for threat Early studies showed that Attention bias modification(ABM)procedure may reduce this bias, thereby diminishing anxiety symptoms. Thus, ABM procedure is considered to be a promising way to treat social anxiety disorders. Response inhibition is a core function that allows us to resist interference from our surroundings and to stop an ongoing action. It involves the suppression of reduce this bias, thereby diminishing anxiety symptoms. Thus, ABM procedure is considered to be a promising way to treat social anxiety disorders. Response inhibition is a core function that allows us to resist interference from our surroundings and to stop an ongoing action. It involves the suppression of prepotent behavioural responses. Recently, researchers have shown that the anxiety-reducing effects of attention training may be due to increase in general attentional control.

The present research is a completely randomized grouping design and randomized control trial. In this study, college students with social anxiety disorders was taken as research objects. The data collected included symptoms of anxiety, the score of attention bias, the EEG data of the Go/Nogo task and the emotional Go/Nogo task. A single ABM procedure session was a dot probe task just the same as Amir et al. (2008).We found released symptoms of anxious from the subjects in both the attention modification program(AMP)and the attention control condition（ACC).The attention bias score showed that the score of AMP was decreased, while that of ACC was not significantly changed. We employed a traditional Go/Nogo task to assess the ability of response inhibition. The EEG data showed that the N2 amplitude was increased in post-training as compared to pre-training, while the P3 amplitude was reduced, for both conditions (AMP&ACC).Thus the results in Go/Nogo task suggested that both the AMP and the ACC could improve the ability of conflict monitor and reduce the input of cognitive control resources during the response inhibition. We used a Go/Nogo task with emotional background to assess the response inhibitory control ability of the subjects in the environment with emotional information. In eGo/Nogo task, the EEG data showed that the N2 amplitude was increased in post-training as compared to pre-training in both the AMP and the ACC. But Nogo-P3 amplitude was obviously decreased only in the AMP, while there was no obvious change in the ACC. This showed that the AMP was different from the ACC, which was displayed by the AMP could improve the anti-interference ability and the collision-prevented ability more effectively in the case of emotional information interference.

Taken together, the results in the present study demonstrated that repetitive computer-based attention training program generally relieved the symptoms of anxiety and improved the response inhibitory control ability of the college students. However, compared with attention control condition, attention bias modification procedure could improve the anti-interference ability, namely the inhibition function under the emotional background.