社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着经济的发展、文化的融合，社会各个体、阶层及社会群体之间的矛盾日益剧烈，严重的信任危机即是其中表现之一。信任的研究兴起于20世纪60年代，并一直受到心理学、社会学、管理学、经济学、教育学等领域的关注。尽管如此，有关信任的含义及心理机制的研究还很少。在该研究报告中，我们的目的在于探讨影响信任建立的因素，同时还包括从宏观的层面上、文化变迁的角度来探讨信任的变迁问题。本报告共包括以下三个方面的内容。

1探讨美貌与信任建立之间的关系。本研究从内隐和外显两个角度，分别从内隐联想测验和信任投资游戏的方式来分别考察美貌与信任之间的关系。内隐研究结果表明，人们对美貌与信任之间的反应时显著低于美貌与不可信之间的反应时。外显研究结果也同样验证了这个问题。该结果说明，人们通常认为美貌的人是更加可信任的，更容易忽略人际信任建立中的风险。

2探讨情绪在美貌与信任建立之间的调节作用。本部分工作认为，情绪在美貌与信任的建立的关系之间起调节作用。为验证该问题，我们分别采用不同的情绪启动方法，通过两个实验研究来进行。本研究结果发现，当被试处于积极状态时，人们对于不同美貌的个体之间的信任具有显著的差异。当人们处于消极状态时，则不存在差异。

3探讨从传统向现代文化转换的过程中，信任形式的变化。我们通过问卷测量、文化启动的方式，分成三个研究来验证这个问题。研究结果发现，传统文化和现代文化对认同信任和算计信任具有显著的影响。具体来说，当启动个体的传统文化时，他们的认同信任水平更高;当启动个体的现代文化时，他们的算计信任水平更高。这说明在不同的文化情景下，信任的表现形式也有所不同。

我们围绕信任这个核心概念，从微观和宏观两个层面探讨了信任建立的影响因素，中间变量及不同文化下信任的表现形式。该研究结果不仅能帮助我们更好的理解信任的含义，而且对于处理当前社会中的信任问题具有现实意义。

With the development of economic and culture, the individuals of every society and groups is becoming seriously. One of these phenomena is the trust crisis. Rating of divorce is increasing, nobody dare to help an old man and spreading of rumors, which have a close relationship with trust decline. Trust study is rising in 60s in 20 century and later was paid attention to by psychology, sociology, management, economics and education area. However, there is few study focused on the concept of trust and the psychological mechanics. The purpose of the present is to explore the factor, which influence trust building, and we also plan to discuss the trust-displayed pattern undo different culture background.

The first part of the work is on the relationship of attractiveness and trust. We measured trust both from implicit and explicit perspective, adopted implicit association test and invest game to explore the relationship. The results showed that, people are most likely to trust the attractive partners, and they always overlook the risks in trust building.

The second part of the work is based on the results of study 1. We explored the moderator role of mood in the relationship of attractive and trust building. The results of the two studies showed that people' trust behavior is according the attractiveness of their partners, however, there is no difference when people in the negative mood state.

The third part of the work is to explore the change of trust in the transition from tradition to modern. The results showed that there is a significant effect of tradition culture and modern culture on identification trust and calculus trust. Specifically, people have a higher identification trust when priming traditional culture9 people have a higher calculus trust when priming modern culture. These results indicated that trust have a different displayed-pattern in different culture background. Focused on trust, we discussed the influence factor, the mediator variable and the trust-displayed pattern. This is meaning for us to understand the meaning and mechanism of trust and have theoretical and practical indicating.