认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

公平是道德发展的核心内容之一，对个体分配公平性影响因素的研究是发展心理学关注的热点。成人研究发现，面孔吸引力对分配情境下的公平行为有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨面孔吸引力对幼儿在第三方分配情境下公平行为的影响，并尝试探讨其影响机制。研究1考察了120名4-6岁儿童对面孔吸引力不同的两名同性别陌生同伴，分别在分配1, 2, 3颗代币时的分配公平性。研究比较了6岁儿童(N--40)对不同程度面孔吸引力个体的喜好及亲社会行为期待。研究3考察了6岁儿童(N=3 5)中，当两名陌生同性别同伴的面孔吸引力高低和其劳动贡献大小两种信息同时呈现时，面孔吸引力对儿童分配公平性的影响。结果发现: 1)当只有面孔吸引力信息时，面孔吸引力对4-6岁儿童分配情境下公平行为有显著影响:在分配1个代币时，4-6岁儿童都给面孔吸引力高者更多的代币，在分配2个和3个代币时，只有5岁和6岁儿童给面孔吸引力高者更多的代币; 2) 6岁儿童对面孔吸引力高者有更高的亲社会行为期待，也更喜爱面孔吸引力高者; 3)当面孔吸引力信息和劳动贡献大小信息同时呈现时，6岁儿童则会忽略接受者面孔吸引力高低而根据按劳分配原则分配资源。研究结果表明，在资源分配情境中，4-6岁儿童偏好分给面孔吸引力高的个体更多资源，并且这种偏好随年龄递增，这可能是由于儿童对面孔吸引力高者更加喜爱并且有更高的亲社会行为期待。但是，面孔吸引力高低的影响要弱于按劳分配原则对6岁儿童分配行为的影响。

Fairness is one of the core contents of moral development in childhood psychology education. Research shows that facial attractiveness plays an important role in the fairness of the distribution. The purpose of this study is to describe how facial attractiveness impacts on children's fairness in the third party distribution situation. In study 1，we investigated 120 same-sex children aged 4-6 years where 1，2 and 3 tokens were distributed to different degrees of facial attractiveness. In study 2, we studied on children are 6 years old (N=40) of different degrees of facial attractiveness and the labor contribution showing at the same time. The results show that: 1) facial attractiveness on 4-6 years old children's fairness distribution has a significant impact on the allocation of 1 token, 4-6 years old children with high facial attractiveness received more tokens in the distribution than other groups. In the allocation of 2 and 3 tokens, only 5, and 6 years old children with high facial attractiveness were given more tokens; 2) 6 years old children have a higher pro-social behavior expectation to high facial attractiveness recipients than other age groups. Children in 6 years old group tend to prefer high facial attractiveness; 3) when information of facial attractiveness and labor contribution was given at the same time, 6 year old group is able to perform based on the distribution principle of resource allocation. The result shows that 4-6 years old children give more resources to high facial attractiveness recipients in the distribution than other age group. This preference with age increasing is possibly related to more pro-social behavior expectation and more preference of high facial attractiveness. In 6 years old group, the influence of facial attractiveness is weaker than the effect of labor contribution in the distribution.