健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

有关利他行为的研究一直备受心理学家和社会学家的关注。从人际交往的角度来看，依恋是影响个体利他行为的一个重要因素。而从人文道德的角度来看，道德推脱和道德认同也会影响利他行为。因此，本研究通过两个研究，分别从特质和状态两个角度去探讨依恋安全对个体利他行为的促进作用，以及道德推脱和道德认同在其中所起到的作用。

研究一研究目的:从特质依恋的角度出发探讨依恋关系质量是否通过道德推脱影响个体的利他行为，以及在此过程中道德认同的调节作用。研究方法:选取北京市中国科学院大学的395名学生作为被试，其中男性145人，女性250人，平均年龄为23.38岁(SD=1.3 8 )。采用父母与同伴依恋量表(IPPA )，道德认同量表(1VB-S )，公民道德推脱量表(CMD-S )，和亲社会倾向量表(PTM )进行施测，并采用SPSS22.0中的PROCESS插件进行中介模型检验以及有调节的中介模型检验。研究结果:(1)母亲依恋、父亲依恋、同伴依恋都对利他行为有显著的正向预测作用;相比于父母依恋，同伴依恋的预测作用会更强。(2)道德推脱在母亲、父亲、同伴的依恋关系质量与利他行为之间都会起到中介作用。(3)对于高道德认同个体和低道德认同个体来讲，道德推脱的中介效应都是显著的。但相比于低道德认同个体，高道德认同个体的道德推脱与利他行为之间的关联更强，依恋关系质量会在很大程度上通过道德推脱去间接影响个体的利他行为。

研究二研究目的:从状态依恋的角度出发揭示依恋安全与利他行为之间的因果关系。并探讨道德推脱在两者之间起到的中介作用，以及特质依恋风格和道德认同的调节效应。研究方法:选取北京市在校大学生125名，其中男性37人，女性88人，平均年龄为22.95岁(SD=1.92。先让被试完成亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、道德认同量表(MI-S、社会赞许性量表(MCSD。一周后采用回忆书写任务启动被试的安全依恋表征，再完成道德推脱量表、当前助人意愿量表、利他决策以及捐助行为实验。然后采用SPSS22.0进行数据录入、分析以及处理。研究结果:(1)依恋安全启动会促进个体的利他行为;相比于控制组被试，依恋安全启动组被试有更低的道德推脱倾向、更多的利他行为。(2)特质依恋回避与状态依恋安全交互影响个体的道德推脱，进而影响利他行为。当依恋回避得分低的时候，道德推脱的中介作用会显著，安全启动会通过道德推脱去间接影响个体的利他行为;而依恋回避得分高时，中介效应则不显著。

研究结论:研究一的结果表明，个体与不同依恋对象的依恋关系质量都会通过道德推脱影响利他行为，并且道德认同会起到调节作用。研究二的结果对研究一的结果进行了验证。更重要的是，研究二进一步揭示了依恋安全与利他行为之间的因果关系，及道德推脱在其中的中介作用;并发现特质依恋回避与依恋安全启动的交互作用会影响道德推脱。这两个研究的结果使我们对依恋安全对利他行为的促进作用及其心理机制有了更深入的认识。

The study of altruistic behavior has been concerned by psychologists and sociologists. From the perspective of interpersonal communication, attachment is an important factor that affects individual altruistic behavior. But from the view of humanistic morality, moral disengagement and moral identity also affect altruistic behavior. Therefore, my research through two studies to explore the effects of trait attachment and state attachment in the promotion of individual altruistic behavior, as well as the role of moral disengagement and moral identity in this process.

Studyl Purpose: From the perspective of trait attachment, this study discusses whether the quality of attachment relationship affects individual altruistic behavior through moral disengagement, and the moderating effect of moral identity. Methods: 395 students from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were selected as subjects, including 145 males and 250 females, with an average age of 23.38(SD=1.38). The inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA), moral identity scale (MI-S), civic moral disengagement scale (CMD-S), and prosocial tendency measure (PTM) were used to test. The mediation model and moderated mediation model were tested and adjusted by the PROCESS plug-in SPSS22.0. Results:(1) Maternal attachment, paternal attachment and peer attachment all have significant positive predictive effect on altruistic behavior, but peer attachment was more effective than parental attachment in predicting altruistic behavior. (2) Moral disengagement mediated the link between the quality of attachment relationship and altruistic behavior. (3) For individuals with both low moral identity and high moral identity, the indirect effect of moral disengagement is significant. But the indirect effect is larger when moral identity is high.

Study2 Purpose: From the view of state attachment, the aim of the second study was to show causal relations between attachment security and altruistic behavior. The mediating effect of moral disengagement and the moderating effects of trait attachment style and moral identity was examined. Methods: 125 college students in Beijing were selected, including 37 males and 88 females, with an average age of 22.95years (SD=1.92). Participants completed experiences in close relationship scale (ECR), moral identity scale (MI-S) and Marlowe Crowne social desirability scale (MCSD). And one week later, a recall task was used to prime the participants' safety attachment representation, and then completed the moral disengagement scale, cooperation questionnaire, altruistic decision-making and charitable donations. Then SPSS22.0 is used for data analysis and processing. Results: (1)Attachment security priming strengthened individual's altruistic behavior. Compared with control group subjects, the attachment security group subjects made moral disengagement and more altruistic behavior. (2) The interactions between attachment avoidance and state attachment security affects individual moral disengagement and altruistic behavior. When the score of attachment avoidance is low, the mediation effect of moral disengagement will be significant, and attachment security priming will indirectly affect individual altruistic behavior through moral disengagement, while the mediation effect will not be significant when attachment avoidance score is high.

Conclusions: In terms of cross sections, study 1 have been described the relationship between several variables. And found that the quality of attachment relation to different attachment objects can influence the altruistic behavior through the moral disengagement, and the moral identity will play a moderating role in this process. In terms of causality orientation, study 2 have been revealed more clearly causal relationship between several variables, supplemented and verified the results of study 1，which make us have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of attachment security on altruistic behavior. In addition, the interaction between trait attachment and state attachment was also investigated.