The nature of Situational awareness and its impact factor are the important issues in cognitive psychology researches in recent 10 years. This study was mainly focused on the two-dimensional structure to situational awareness and its specific measurement methods, involving the composition of situational awareness, that is, whether there is a general situational awareness and situational awareness related to a particular occasion. At the same time the relationship of general cognitive processing and situational awareness was also concerned. This study built the driver situational awareness measurement system, using a simulated driving test, the general cognitive ability tests, interviews and questionnaires, to explore the structure of situation awareness and its relationship with cognitive ability. The results showed (1) driving stability and steering wheel angle can be used as the real-time behavioral indicators of drivers’ situational awareness; (2)Significant correlation was found between these cognitive indexes and the drivers’ crash frequency in a simulated driving task. Discriminant analysis using cognitive indexes as discriminant variables revealed an up to 94.4% highly accurate classification pattern, which approved the validity of our cognitive tool as a useful predictor of individual driver’s situation
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