中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

The cultural theory pioneered by Dame Mary Douglas has been tested with a range of research methods, but it has not yet been made subject to a ‘structured observation’. This method has been developed in psychology and management studies, and is especially use‑ ful for testing cultural theory’s prediction that fatalistic, hierarchical, egalitarian, and indi‑ vidualistic ways of perceiving and justifying tend to emerge in group debates about press‑ ing social and environmental issues. We present the results of a structured observation of this prediction. Groups of high school students (aged 17–19) were asked for their opinions concerning three to fve ‘wicked’ (i.e., highly complex) problems, and to discuss how to resolve them. Each utterance was coded according to the rationalities proposed by cultural theory. The results confrm cultural theory’s hypothesis that all four specifc ways of defn‑ ing, perceiving and resolving a wicked problem emerge when a number of people debate such an issue. We also discuss how Douglas’ cultural theory can be further developed and tested. Finally, we use our study to outline how the method of structured observation can contribute to political culture research in general.