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太极拳锻炼改善中青年负性情绪的脑机制
其他题名The Brain Mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise in Improving Negative Emotions of Middle-aged and Young Adults
陈丽珍
2020-07
摘要

社会的高速发展及生活节奏的加快使得人类面临的压力与挑战与日俱增,个体心理健康受到了巨大的威胁,情绪失调是其中重要表现。这种现象的产生影响个体正常生活,甚至会损害个体身体健康及认知水平。传统太极拳锻炼在中国传播途径广,具有坚实的理论及实践积累。研究发现,太极拳锻炼对个体负性情绪具有显著的改善作用。然而,已有研究主要从行为学角度探索了太极拳干预对负性情绪的显著改善效果,但对于这种效果的心理及脑机制并不明确。因此,本研究以传统太极拳为干预手段,对青年及中年人群进行了干预研究。在行为研究的基础上,结合磁共振成像技术系统探索该干预方法的情绪改善效应及相应机制。

研究一中共56 名青年被试完成前测后测。太极拳组(性别:7 男,19 女;年龄:22.65 ± 3.92 岁;教育水平:15.88 ± 2.43 年)进行每周3 次,每次1 小时,为期8 周,共计24 小时的太极拳锻炼。对照组(性别:6 男,24 女;年龄:20.60 ±4.83 岁;教育水平:14.53 ± 1.43 年)不参与任何锻炼。在锻炼前、锻炼结束后即刻、锻炼结束16 周后这3 个时间点对所有被试的情绪水平及正念水平进行测查。混合设计方差分析结果表明,8 周的太极拳锻炼后,锻炼者负性情绪分数在抑郁、焦虑、应激及总体负性情绪方面均表现出显著下降。同时,锻炼者的正念水平(描述、觉知地行动、不判断及不反应)及内在感受性程度(注意力调试、自我调试及信任)表现出显著的提升。追踪测试结果表明,太极拳组被试的正念水平中的描述、觉知地行动和不判断维度以及内在感受性的信任维度分数在锻炼结束16 周后仍显著高于对照组,但两组间情绪水平不存在显著差异。

研究二中共50 名中年被试完成前测后测。太极拳组(性别:14 男,18 女;年龄:49.44 ± 8.94 岁;教育水平:14.72 ± 2.53 年)进行每周1 次,每次3 小时,为期12 周,共计36 小时的太极拳锻炼,对照组(性别:5 男,13 女;年龄:50.61± 5.03 岁;教育水平:14.28 ± 1.74 年)不参与任何锻炼。在太极拳锻炼前后测查所有被试的情绪水平及正念水平,并对他们进行静息态磁共振扫描。混合设计方差分析发现,相比对照组被试,太极拳组被试在参加12 周太极拳锻炼后负性情绪分数降低,情绪稳定性及内心平静水平显著提高。同时,太极拳组被试的内心平静水平的升高与他们情绪纷乱分数的降低之间存在显著的相关。影像学数据差异检验发现,相比对照组,干预后太极拳组被试左侧丘脑区域的低频振幅在0.01~0.1 Hz 频段以及slow-5 频段(0.01~0.027 Hz)均表现出显著降低。同时,该区域的局部功能一致性也表现出降低。

本研究表明,太极拳锻炼能够显著改善青年及中年人群的负性情绪,提高其正念、内在感受性及内心平静水平。降低的负性情绪分数与内在感受性以及增加的内心平静水平之间呈显著相关。此外,研究发现,相比对照组被试,太极拳锻炼者丘脑区域功能活动的显著变化。这些研究结果一方面有助于揭示情绪改善的心理及神经机理,另一方面也为太极拳运动处方对负性情绪的预防、改善以及临床应用上提供科学的证据和有意义的参考。

其他摘要

With the rapid development of society and the accelerated pace of life have severely affected human mental health, among which emotional disorder is an important manifestation. The presence of emotional problems may reduce life quality of individuals, or even disrupt their physical health and cognitive ability. As a traditional mind-body practice, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is widely spread in China. It has been found that TCC can promote individual emotional health, especially negative emotion. However, the current research mainly performed from the perspective of behavior and neurological mechanisms of how TCC regulates emotion are not clear. In present study, traditional TCC was used as an intervention method to explore its effects on emotion improvement of different age groups and the underlying mechanisms. Two intervention experiments were conducted.

In experiment 1, a total of 56 eligible young adults finished the pre-test and posttest. The participants in the TCC group (Sex: 7 males,19 females; Age: 22.65 ± 3.92 years; Education: 15.88 ± 2.43 years) were intervened with TCC for three times a week, one hour each time and last for 8 weeks, a total of 24 hours. The control group (Sex: 6 males, 24 females; Age: 20.60 ± 4.83 years; Education: 14.53 ± 1.43 years) received no intervention. Before and after the intervention, the emotion and mindfulness level of all participants were tested. 16 weeks after the end of intervention, all participants were tested again. Participants in control group received no intervention. Statistical analyses showed that after eight weeks of mind-body practice, the negative emotions of the TCC practitioners showed significant improvement. Including depression, anxiety and stress and total negative emotion. At the same time, the level of mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging and nonreactivity) and interoceptive awareness level (attention regulation, self-regulation, trusting) in the TCC group showed a significant improvement. 16 weeks after the end of TCC practice, the level of mindfulness in the above-mentioned dimensions except nonreactivity of TCC group was still significantly higher than that in the control group, as well as the trusting scores of interoceptive awareness. No significant emotion level difference between the two groups was found.

In study 2, a total of 50 eligible middle-aged participants finished the pre-test and post-test. Participants in TCC group (Sex: 14 males, 18 females; Age: 49.44 ± 8.94 years; Education: 14.72 ± 2.53 years) were given TCC intervention for once a week, 3 hours each time and last for 12 weeks, while the participants in the control group (Sex: 5 males, 13 females; Age: 50.61 ± 5.03 years; Education: 14.28 ± 1.74 years) did not participate in the exercise. The emotional level and mindfulness level of all the participants were tested before and after the intervention. In order to explore the brain mechanism of TCC exercise, participants also underwent MRI scan. Statistical analyses revealed that compared with the control group, after 12 weeks of TCC intervention, negative emotional scores of the participants in the TCC group reduced, their emotional stability and inner peace level exhibited improvement. Besides, there was a significant correlation between the increase of the scores of inner peace and the decrease of their total mood disturbance scores. Imaging data analysis revealed that compared with the control group, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in thalamus of TCC group decreased significantly in 0.01~0.1 Hz frequency band and slow-5 sub frequency band (0.01~0.027 Hz) after TCC intervention. At the same time, the regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the similar area also showed a decrease.

On the basis of behavioral research, this study combined with MRI to explore the psychological and brain mechanism of TCC intervention. The results showed that TCC practice can significantly improve the negative emotions, mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, and inner peace level of exercisers. At the same time, there is a significant correlation between the improvement of negative emotion and the improvement of interoceptive awareness and inner peace. In addition, the changes in thalamic functional activity in TCC practitioners were found. These findings helped to reveal the effect of TCC on practitioners, on the other hand, they also provided meaningful scientific evidence for the prevention and improvement of negative emotion, as well as the application of TCC prescription in healthy individuals and clinical patients.

关键词太极拳 负性情绪 丘脑 脑功能 正念
学位类型硕士
语种中文
学位名称理学硕士
学位专业发展与教育心理学
学位授予单位中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点中国科学院心理研究所
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/32333
专题健康与遗传心理学研究室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
陈丽珍. 太极拳锻炼改善中青年负性情绪的脑机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2020.
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