社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着现代社会的发展，个体间、团队间的交互逐渐增多，交互的情况也愈加复杂，能否让个体间和团队间更好的交互是一个重要的问题。信任是上述交互过程中常见的心理状态，也是人员协作的前提。以往的研究表明，信任会增加个体间的合作，提高团队绩效，提升家庭亲密关系等。因此，改善信任对于个体间、团队间以及家庭内部更好的交互具有重要的作用。

当前对于信任的研究主要集中于信任的影响因素上，已有研究表明 个体人口学因素 、情绪状态、人格特质、个体对他人的熟悉度等因素会影响个体的信任水平。以往的研究大多关注人的属性在信任关系中的作用，而最近文献 (Posten et al. 2014) 表明阈下刺激可以对信任产生显著性影响。 这意味着信任可以在某些条件下被主动调控。但是，以往的研究尚未系统地从阈下干预的角度考察对信任的影响，也未探索 阈下刺激对 信任影响的过程机制与条件机制是什么。因此，本研究尝试从阈下干预 的角度考察对信任的影响。具体而言，研究一考察阈下刺激能否影响人际信任和团队信任。研究二考察他人感知、自我感知和环境感知是否在阈下刺激与人际信任或者团队信任之间起中介作用。研究三考察阈下刺激对人际信任或者团队信任的影响是否会随着个体人格特质的不同而不同。通过七个实验，本研究主要得到以下结论：

（1） 相对于阈下呈现词汇 “怀疑阈下呈现词汇 “可信”会增加个体的人际信任行为和团队信任行为。

（2） 他人感知既中介了阈下干预对人际信任行为的影响，又中介了阈下干预对团队信任行为的影响。

（3） 相对于阈下呈现“中性”词汇，阈下呈现词汇 “可信”会增加高责任性个体的人际信任行为。相对于阈下呈现“中性”词汇，阈下呈现词汇 “可信会增加高宜人性个体的团队信任行为。

综上，本研究采用行为指标考察阈下刺激对信任的影响，发现了阈下刺激对信任影响的有效性，为改善信任水平提供了新的思路和途径；本研究还发现了阈下刺激对信任影响的过程机制和边界条件，明确阈下刺激对信任影响的原因和条件，为改善信任水平提供理论和实践依据。

With the development of modern society, the interaction between individualsis increasing and become more complicate. Whether people can interact better with each other is an important issue. Trust is a common psychological state in the above interaction process. Previous research showedthat trust wouldincrease the cooperation between individuals, improve team performance and enhance family intimacy. Therefore, trust plays an important role in interaction between individuals,teams and families.

The current research on trust mainly aboutthe influencing factors of trust. Some studies have shown that demographic variables, emotional state, personality traits, familiarity couldaffect the level of trust. Fewer studies examined the impact of subliminal stimuluson trust and found that subliminal stimuluscouldhave a significant impact on trust. However, previous studies have not examined the impact on trust from the perspective of subliminal stimulussystematically, and what are the process mechanisms and conditional mechanisms of subliminal stimulus for trust. Therefore, this study attempts to examine whether subliminal stimuluscan affect trust from a subliminal perspective. Study 2 examines the mediatingmechanism that influences trust. Study 3 examines the boundary conditions under which subliminal stimulus affects trust. Through seven experiments, this study mainly got the following conclusions:

(1)To present subliminal word ‘trustworthy’increasedinterpersonal trust behavior and team trust behavior compared to present subliminal ‘suspect’.

(2)The perception of others mediated the effect of subliminal stimulus on interpersonal trust behavior, and the perception of others mediated the effect of subliminal stimulus on team trust behavior as well.

(3)Subliminal ‘trustworthy’elicited higher interpersonal trust behaviorthan subliminal ‘neutral’in high-conscientiousness individuals, but itdid not find inlow-conscientiousness individuals.Subliminal ‘trustworthy’elicited higher teamtrust behaviorthan subliminal ‘neutral’in high-agreeablenessindividuals, but it did not find inlow-agreeablenessindividuals.

In summary, this study used behavioral indicators to examine the impact of subliminal stimulus on trust, and found the effectiveness of subliminal stimulus on trust, providednew ideas and ways to improve trust levels; this study also found the process mechanism and boundary conditions of subliminal stimulus on trust, clarifiedthe reasons and conditions of subliminal stimulus on trust, and providedtheoretical and practical basis for improving trust level.