中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的了解我国警察队伍躯体亚健康的现状及其影响因素,为制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法 2015年9月—2016年4月,采用方便抽样法,对13个地区1 805名公安民警进行问卷调查。结果排除自我报告患病的34.2%样本后,警察群体的躯体亚健康得分为（41.54±7.98）分;不同特征警察躯体亚健康得分比较,年龄25～29岁警察得分最高为（40.96±7.94）分,45～49岁得分最低为（38.96±8.64）分;婚未婚警察得分为（43.36±6.70）分高于已婚警察的（39.54±8.43）分,警种为特警的得分最高为（42.14±6.51）分,治安警与综合类警察得分最低为（38.45±8.64）和（38.69±8.29）分,警员及以下者得分最高为（41.56±7.91）分,警督及以上得分最低为（39.33±8.65）分;警龄<5年者得分最高为（40.80±7.91）分,≥20年者得分最低为（37.85±9.39）分;不同年龄、婚姻状况、警种、警衔和警龄的警察躯体亚健康状况差异均有统计学意义（均P <0.05）;吸烟的警察躯体亚健康得分较低（39.31±7.81）分,运动达标的警察躯体亚健康得分最高为（42.93±7.62）分,完全没有运动的得分最低为（39.74±8.07）分,不同生活行为方式的警察躯体亚健康状况差异有统计学意义（均P <0.05）。皮尔逊相关分析,抑郁（r=–0.40）、焦虑情绪（r=–0.45）与警察躯体亚健康明显负相关（均P <0.01）;回归分析显示,婚姻状况、抑郁、焦虑、运动（β=–0.09、–0.12、–0.31、–0.17,均P <0.01）是警察躯体亚健康的影响因素。结论警察躯体亚健康状况明显,受多种因素影响,应提高警察心理健康水平和培养健康生活方式。

Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of physical sub-health among police officers in China and to provide evidences for developing intervention programs. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 1 805 police officers selected with convenience sampling in 13 municipalities, provinces and autonomous regions across China between September 2015 and April 2016. The complete data on 1 425 police officers aged 25 – 49 years were included in the study. Results After excluding 487 (34.2%) participants suffering from various diseases, the mean score for physical sub-health was 41.54 ± 7.98 for all the participants, which was significantly higher than that (39.60 ± 7.16) among a sample of common civil servants reported by a previous study (P < 0.01, T = 8.94). Significantly higher mean scores for physical sub-health were found among the participants aged 25 – 29 years (40.96 ± 7.94), unmarried (43.36 ± 6.70), reaching the standard for physical exercise (42.93 ± 7.62), and serving as regimental police (42.14 ± 6.51) (P < 0.05 for all); significantly lower mean scores were found among the participants smoking (39.31 ± 7.81) and serving as security police (38.45 ± 8.64) (both P < 0.05). The physical sub-health score differed significantly by various life style among the participants (all P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant reverse correlation between physical sub-health status and anxiety (r =– 0.45, P < 0.01) and depression (r = – 0.40, P < 0.01). The regression analysis indicated that the significant influencing factors of physical sub-health included marital status (β = – 0.09), depression (β = – 0.12), anxiety (β = – 0.31), and physical exercise (β = – 0.17) (P < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Physical sub-health is prevalent and affected by a variety of factors among police officers in China and interventions on mental health and healthy lifestyle should be promoted in the population.