健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

目的探讨甲基苯丙胺成瘾者人格特质及其与心理渴求之间的关系,为预防复吸提出理论依据和实证经验。方法以315例甲基苯丙胺成瘾者为研究对象,通过施测卡特尔16种人格因素问卷和药物渴求问卷,来了解甲基苯丙胺成瘾者的人格特质因子、脱毒期对毒品的心理渴求程度,采用Spearman相关分析探讨人格特质与心理渴求之间的关系。结果甲基苯丙胺成瘾者的聪慧性(1.13±2.86)分、稳定性(4.57±1.42)分、有恒性(3.39±2.20)分、独立性(4.16±1.39)分和自律性(4.81±1.78)分因素显著低于常模(P<0.01),而恃强性(7.01±1.96)分、敢为性(6.83±1.54)分、敏感性(6.18±1.81)分、怀疑性(6.31±2.08)分、幻想性(8.98±1.32)分、忧虑性(6.33±2.00)分和紧张性(6.21±2.14)分因素显著高于常模(P<0.01)。甲基苯丙胺成瘾者心理渴求五个因子总平均分为(3.36±1.85)分。人格特质中聪慧性(r=-0.201,P<0.01)、稳定性(r=-0.275,P<0.01)、有恒性(r=-0.184,P<0.05)、恃强性(r=0.269,P<0.01)、敢为性(r=0.210,P<0.01)、忧虑性(r=0.259,P<0.01)和独立性(r=-0.254,P<0.01)与心理渴求总平均分存在显著的相关关系。结论甲基苯丙胺成瘾者具有与常人显著不同的人格特质,生理戒断期间对毒品仍存在一定程度的心理渴求;人格特质中稳定性对心理渴求程度有着负向预测作用,恃强性对心理渴求程度有着正向预测作用。

Objective To explore the correlation between personality characteristics and psychological craving in methamphetamine addicts,and to provide theoretical basis and empirical experience for the prevention of relapse.Methods Cattell 16 personality factor questionnaire and drug craving questionnaire were administered to 315 cases of methamphetamine addicts,to understand the personality factor of methamphetamine addicts,psychological craving for drugs in the period of detoxification.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between personality traits and psychological craving.Results Intelligence(1.13±2.86),stability(4.57±1.42),perseverance(3.39±2.20),independence(4.16±1.39)and self-discipline(4.81±1.78)of methamphetamine addicts were significantly lower than the norm(P<0.01),while the strength(7.01±1.96),bravity(6.83±1.54),sensitivity(6.18±1.81),suspicion(6.31±2.08),fantasy(8.98±1.32),anxiety(6.33±2.00)and tension(6.21±2.14)were significantly higher than the norm(P<0.01).The total average score of craving for methamphetamine addicts was(3.36±1.85).The correlation between the total average score of craving and intelligence(r=-0.201,P<0.01),stability(r=-0.275,P<0.01),constant(r=-0.184,P<0.05),dominance(r=0.269,P<0.01),bravity(r=0.210,P<0.01),anxiety(r=0.259,P<0.01),independent(r=-0.254,P<0.01)were significant.Conclusion Methamphetamine addicts are significantly different from ordinary people's personality traits,physiological withdrawal period still exists a certain degree of psychological craving for drugs.The stability of personality has a negative predictive effect on craving,while aggressiveness has a positive predictive effect on craving.