梦的奇幻与真实

PSYCH OpenIR

	梦的奇幻与真实
其他题名	The bizarreness and reality of dreams
	郭菲; 陈祉妍
摘要	梦是人们最为普遍的经验之一,由于其栩栩如生和离奇的特点,人类很早就对这种现象充满了好奇.为什么会做梦这个谜题在科学技术不断发展的同时也得到了更为广泛的研究.作为一种古老的生理心理现象,梦是否具有适应性的功能引发了丰富的理论思考,而对于其功能性在于做梦这种形式还是梦境的内容还需要更多的研究予以解答.对于梦的科学研究已从聚焦于非快速眼动睡眠扩展到了整个睡眠阶段.而梦作为一种特殊的意识状态,其与清醒状态在现象学和大脑活动上的异同,将为了解人类意识提供重要的信息,特别是清醒梦这种兼具清醒和睡眠特点的状态,为揭示意识的神经机制提供了独特的机会.此外梦的研究对于临床心理和精神问题也有实践意义.梦的研究面临着很多方法上的挑战,解开梦的奥秘需要整合现象学、神经科学、临床研究等多个领域的设计和方法.
其他摘要	Dreams are one of the most common experience in our lives. The vivid and bizarre features of dreams have fascinated humankind throughout history. Dreaming is an ancient physiological and psychological phenomenon, and whether it ful- fils an adaptive function has inspired varied theories. Some theories take a perspective that dreaming serves no adaptive function but rather a biologically epiphenomena. Some theories claim that dreaming fulfill various neurophysiological functions. However, the dream contents are viewed as random noise generated by the sleeping brain. Other theories be- lieve that what appears in dreams is important since it recent theories tend to relate dreaming to intellectual problem solving or simulating of threats in real life. serves functions which relate to psychological adjustment. More or cognitive functions, such as learning, memory consolidation, The enigma of dreams is extensively studied with the development of science technology. Although the dream science was initiated from the REM （rapid eye movement sleep） sleep dreams, the equation ＂REM=dreaming＂ is an oversimpli- fication. Dream-like mentation may occur during all stages of sleep. The controversy now is whether dreams reported from REM and NREM （non-rapid eye movement sleep） sleep are equivalent or different from each other. Three different theoretical models about the REM/NREM mentation have been proposed：（1） An one-generator model, which claims that regardless of the sleep stage in which the mention occurs, it only stems from a single set of process; （2） a two-generator model, which holds a perspective that REM and NREM mentions have differentiated generation systems; （3） a covert REM sleep model, which assumes that the NREM sleep dream is generated from the covert activity that occurs in REM sleep. Since there are experimental evidences supported both the similarities and differentiation in phenomenological aspects and the underlying brain activities of REM and NREM sleep dream, it is still controversial which model is the most optimal interpretation for the two mentation. The dream is a special state of consciousness. The continuity and discontinuity between waking and dreaming has been a controversy in dream science. The similarities and differences in both phenomenon and brain activity between dreaming and waking provide important knowledge of human consciousness, especially lucid dreaming, a hybrid state of consciousness with features of both waking and dreaming, which provides an unique chance to reveal the neural basis of consciousness. Moreover, dream studies are significant in the clinical practice in psychiatry and psychology. Although advances in neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods have offered new insight into the brain correlates of dreaming, the private nature of dreaming has made it a formidable study object. The studies of dreaming are still confronted with methodological challenges. To reveal the mystery of dreaming, integration of the designs and methods from multiple fields （such as phenomenology, neuroscience, clinical practice, etc） is necessary.
关键词	梦做梦睡眠意识神经科学
	2018-01-01
语种	中文
发表期刊	科学通报
ISSN	0023-074X
卷号	63.0 期号:1.0 页码:22-31
收录类别	CSCD
CSCD记录号	CSCD:6185539
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/36043
作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	郭菲,陈祉妍. 梦的奇幻与真实[J]. 科学通报,2018,63.0(1.0):22-31.
APA	郭菲,&陈祉妍.(2018).梦的奇幻与真实.科学通报,63.0(1.0),22-31.
MLA	郭菲,et al."梦的奇幻与真实".科学通报 63.0.1.0(2018):22-31.