中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

创造力是一个集个人、团体、社会、文化相互交织的系统,因此创造力的培养也需要综合考虑。本文在融合以往创造力研究的基础上,建构了一套系统创造力培养的"蝴蝶理论",创造力培养需要抓住核心来统领全局,同时兼顾创造力培养所需要统筹兼顾的各个部分。动力系统的激活是创造力培养的核心。新颖、适用的创造性成果的产出,需要社会文化中的个体或团体在创造性心理动力的基础上来完成。创造性心理动力有效的激活则需要一些基本条件,如在认知层面,需要具备一定的能力,如一般认知能力、思维方法的掌握、元认知以及高效的资源整合能力等;在非智力因素方面,基本心理需要的满足,个性心理的健康发展等是创造力得以发挥的必要条件,推而广之还包括:合理的社会支持、互动以及文化的包容等等。除了理论方面的整合,本文还从实践的角度分析如何激活学生的动力系统,重点分析了什么是兴趣以及如何激发个体的兴趣,因为以兴趣爱好为核心的内部动机是自主性最高的动力来源。本文从理论(创造力培养的蝴蝶理论)与实践(创造力培养的兴趣激发)两个角度为创造力培养提供了支持。

Creativity is an interwoven system, encompassing individuals, groups, society, culture, etc. The cultivation of creativity should also be systematic. In this paper, we integrated some creativity-relevant theories to generate practical advice on the challenges of supporting creativity within the classroom. Based on previous research on creativity, we put forth the “Butterfly Theory of Nurturing Creativity” to give a bird’s eye view of nurturing creativity. In this theory, the core and premise of being creative are both to have creative impulses or creative dynamics (i.e., dynamic systems). We generalized the conditions supporting the dynamic systems into “two forewings” named capability and vitality (i.e., the supportive system). At the level of capability, creativity calls for general cognitive ability, multimethod enlightenment, attention to metacognition, and efficient knowledge information management. At the level of vitality, creative dynamics also relies on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, the healthy development of personal traits, and reasonably supportive social interaction in an inclusively social and cultural environment. Besides, if an individual wants to fly freely in a creative life, he also needs “two hindwings” (conducting daily creative thinking and problem solving; forming creative habits and a creative personality) that should be constantly improved in daily life to adjust the balance (i.e., the regulating system). We argue that people who are creative show motivation to make novel and appropriate products in their domains of interest. Creativity cannot be taught unless teachers find ways to intrigue their students’ creative impulses. Intrinsic motivation, like interest, is the greatest autonomous motivator. The key points of this paper are to find what the essence of interest or fun is and how to raise it. Combining theory with practice, this paper also shows a general way to activate fun or interest in the classroom.

中国科学院“率先行动”计划特色研究所项目(TSS-2015-06)