中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

【正】 一、前言 在光源光谱成份改变的条件下,我们周围物体的颜色在眼睛看来保持相对不变,称为颜色恒常性。1807年Thomas Young首先描述了颜色恒常性现象,他指出室内不管是由蜡烛的黄光或火焰的红光来照明的,书页纸仍然看来是白色的。Young认为,外界某一表面的颜色外观,并不完全决定于网膜的红、绿、蓝三种感受器的吸收特性,而也依赖于周围其它物体射入眼睛的光通量。此后,E.Hering对颜色恒常性做了实验表演。一般认为颜色恒常性是对环境照明感受性的降低。视觉通道只传递由物体表面所反射的光谱成

Identical colored paper chips were matched under various phases ofdaylight and another light source composed of RGB primaries. Spectrophoto-metric measurements were made of the two light sources, and the coloredchips under these conditions were computed for their chromaticities on theCIE 1931 color diagram. The matched colorimetric shift under the RGBprimaries was a measure of the degree of color constancy as perceived bythe observer. It was found that when matching single colors (Y, BG, P, YG, R) thecolorimetric shift was much less then that of computed physical colorimetricshift under changing natural daylight, which means that the perceived colordid not change in proportion with the spectral changes of daylight. In thisway it was possible to make objective colorimetric measurements of colorconstancy. The same phenomenon of breaking down of color constancy wasobserved with matching of colors in a meaningful picture. It seemed thatcolor constancy, like all other perceptual phenomena, has as its basis verycomplex physiological and psychological processes.