中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

所有者是所有权关系的重要组成部分。社会秩序的正常运行也需要我们合理地判断所有者。本研究考查幼儿能否像成人一样,区分可能的所有者和不可能的所有者。研究采用等级评定的方式,考查了3～5岁幼儿和成人对"什么是所有者"的直觉理解。结果发现,无论是成人还是幼儿,均认为能力健全者、能力不健全者是所有者,但不认为人造物可能是所有者。3～5岁幼儿评价动植物是所有者的可能性显著高于成人,表明相对于成人,他们仍存在认为动植物是所有者的倾向。研究提示,幼儿对所有权主体的理解既与成人之间存在一致性也存在差异,成人可以基于幼儿的所有权认知引导儿童正确理解所有权概念,进而提高幼儿在该领域的社会认知。

An essential component in the ownership relationship is the owner. To understand who is the owner of an object is important for the normal running of society. This study explored whether young children could discriminate the possible owner from the impossible owner like adults. With a rank-order method,we recruited 93 3 ~ 5-yearolds as subjects and a group of adults as comparison to detect preschoolers’ intuitions about what can be the owner.The results showed that whether adults or young preschoolers,they all accepted that competent humans as well as incompetent humans could be owners,but denied that artifacts could be owners. The evaluation of 3 ~ 5-year-old children on the possibility that animals and plants are owners is significantly higher than that of adults,indicating that compared with adults,they still have the tendency to think that animals and plants are owners. The results demonstrate that there are consistencies and differences between young children and adults in the understanding of ownership agents. We can guide children to understand ownership concept correctly based on development of ownership cognition,so as to improve their social cognition in this field.

中国博士后基金面上项目(2018M633484);; 西安交通大学基本科研业务费(SK2019018)