中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的:探讨使用虚拟现实技术(virtual reality technology, VR)对甲基苯丙胺成瘾记忆进行激活、消退和更新的效果。方法:2018年9月-2019年12月选取辽宁省强制隔离戒毒所甲基苯丙胺戒毒人员,实验一被试20名,采用单因素被试内设计,将所有被试暴露于虚拟现实的甲基苯丙胺相关线索和中性线索中,探测被试的线索反应性。实验二被试60名,采用被试间设计,将60名被试随机分配至单一线索消退组、复杂线索消退组和中性对照组,考察消退前、消退后和更新测试中被试对毒品相关线索的反应性。以主观心理渴求报告,皮肤电反应,心率变异性为因变量评价消退效果及记忆更新情况。结果:实验一发现VR呈现后的甲基苯丙胺相关线索激发了更加强烈的心理渴求程度(P<0.01),更高的皮肤电导指标及心率变异性的时域和频域指标(P<0.05或P<0.01)。实验二发现消退过程和不同组别之间的交互作用显著,复杂线索组、单一线索组在消退水平上均表现出较低的心理渴求程度、皮肤电导指标和心率变异性指标(P<0.01)。结论:虚拟现实技术可有效激活甲基苯丙胺成瘾记忆,跨情境多线索的成瘾记忆消退效果更好,且能有效抑制记忆更新。

Objective:To explore the effect of using virtual reality technology to activate, extinct and renew the memory of methamphetamine addiction. Methods:From September 2018 to December 2019, methamphetamine addicts in compulsory isolation and rehabilitation center of Liaoning Province were selected. In the first experiment, 20 subjects were exposed to methamphetamine related cues and neutral cues in virtual reality, and the cue responsiveness of subjects was detected. In the second experiment, 60 subjects were randomly assigned to a single cue extinction group, a complex cue extinction group and a neutral control group. Subjective psychological craving report, skin electrical response and heart rate variability were used as dependent variables to evaluate the extinction effect and memory renewal. Results:In Experiment 1, we found that the methamphetamine related cues presented by VR stimulated more intense psychological craving(P<0.01), higher skin conductance index and time and frequency domain indexes of heart rate variability(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The experiment 2 found that the extinction process between different groups had significant interaction, both the complex cue group and the single clue group showed lower psychological craving, skin conductance and heart rate variability. Conclusion:Virtual reality technology can effectively activate the memory of methamphetamine addiction, and the effect of cross situation multi cue addiction memory extinction is better, and it can effectively inhibit memory renewal.

中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M631611);; 教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(18YJCZH161);; 中央高校基本科研业务费计划项目(D2018003);; “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807405);; 辽宁省大学生创新创业项目(S202010175007);; 中国刑事警察学院大学生创新创业项目(X202010175113)