| 其他摘要 | Creative achievement can be defined as the sum of creative products generated by an individual in the course of his or her lifetime. Early studies of creativity were mainly about creative achievement of eminent creators. Under the influence of cognitive psychology, subsequent wave of creativity study mainly focused on the cognitive mechanism of creativity. Then researchers began to realize that environment also plays an important role in the course of creativity, and proposed different systems theories of creativity. Reviewing the history of creativity study, early personality perspective on creativity were mainly of correlational features, and quantitative studies focusing on the deeper mechanism of the interaction between environment and creator are comparatively sparse. Early personality perspective studies of creativity found that grit is a common characteristic of eminent creators, creativity stages study and Investment theory of creativity also implicitly or explicitly point out the importance of this personality trait, but the few studies on the relationship between grit and creative achievements produce inconsistent conclusions. Meanwhile studies find that grit may compensate for detrimental effect of unfavorable environment to individuals. Theoretical and empirical studies also show that environment factors affect creativity fundamentally. So this study will research on the influence of grit—which is also an important personality trait valued by Chinese people— and environment on creative achievements. This research contains two studies. In Study 1 we imported Carson et al.’s Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ) into Chinese for use in Study 2. In Study 2 we first studied the relationship among growth environment, grit and creative achievement, and then studied the mediator rule of grit between growth environment and creative achievement.In Study 1, we first translated the original questionnaire into Chinese, and then translated it back into English, and then culturally adjusted it. Then we checked the test-retest reliability. Then the Unusual Uses Task (UUT) of TTCT, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory brief version, CBF-PI-B are used to test CAQ’s convergent validity. Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) is used to test CAQ’s discriminant validity. Last, we test its construct validity by exploratory factor analysis. Study result shows that the Chinese version of CAQ has acceptable validity and reliability among Chinese graduate students. In study 2 (n = 320) we measure grit and creative achievements with C-CAQ and a Chinese version of Grit-12 by Duckworth, and urban and rural differences of growth environment is operationalized as rural area, county, medium-small city and provincial capital / municipalities, as a four-level ordinal variable. Statistics show shat 1) growth environment is significantly correlated with creative achievements in art domains (Spearman’s rho = .26, p < .01), and not significantly correlated with creative achievements in scientific domains, 2) perseverance is correlated with creative achievements in both scientific and art domains (Spearman’s rho = .19 and .20, p < .01), and 3) there is a mediator effect by grit between growth environment and creative achievements in art domains, but not scientific domains. The above studies show that 1) the Chinese revised version of Creative Achievement Questionnaire has sufficiently good validity and reliability, 2) growth environment significantly affects adult creative achievements in art domain, 3) the personality of grit can significantly predict creative achievement, and 4) can show a “resource substitution” effect against detrimental effect by unfavorable growth environment on creative achievements in art and scientific fields. This provide empirical proof for systems models of creativity. The current research result shows that we may have to face favorable or unfavorable environments, but grit can compensate for these factors. |
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