Homework is an important part of education and teaching, as well as an important way for students to consolidate knowledge and improve their abilities. Homework plays an important role in students' academic performance. Homework effort is one of the important indicators for evaluating students' homework behavior, and it is the most predictive component of students' homework behavior for their academic achievement. Researches show that homework effort is related to environmental factors, including school factors and family factors. Homework is a learning task completed by students at home alone or with the company of their parents. Family functions and family relationships have a significant impact on students' homework efforts. However, there is still little attention to the influence of family relationships and family functions on students' homework efforts. It is necessary to deeply explore the family relationship factors that affect the homework effort and its mechanism of action.This study investigates the influence of parents' marital quality, family cohesion and adaptability (FCA) and parent-child cohesion on primary school students’ homework efforts, and the mechanism of action. A nine-month longitudinal tracking investigation was adopted. 625 elementary school students and their parents in four cities were investigated three times using the Olson Enrich Marital Inventory (ENRICH), family cohesion and adaptability evaluation scale (FACES-Ⅱ), parent-child cohesion questionnaire, and homework effort questionnaire. This article provides inspiration and guidance for improving primary school students’ homework efforts and for parents to participate in homework.This research includes three studies. The first one investigates the influence of parents' marital quality on primary school students’ homework efforts, and the mediating effect of FCA in the relationship between parents' marital quality and students’ homework efforts. The second one investigates the mediating effect of parent-child cohesion in the relationship between parents' marital quality and students’ homework efforts. The third one investigates the chain mediation of FCA and parent-child cohesion in the relationship between parents' marital quality and students’ homework efforts.The main results and conclusions of this research are as follows: (1) There is a significant correlation between parents' marital quality, FCA, parent-child cohesion and primary school students’ homework efforts. (2) The parents' marital quality has a significant predictive effect on the homework effort of primary school students. (3) The parents' marital quality influences the primary school students’ homework effort through the following three ways: the mediation FCA, the mediation of parent-child cohesion, and the chain mediation of FCA and parent-child cohesion.
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