| 其他摘要 | Objective: Since the 1990s, China's aging process has also accelerated significantly. With the development of aging, a significant problem is that the physical and mental functions of the older adults are declining. And from the point of view of the mental health of the older people, delaying the cognitive dysfunction of them has become a hot topic of research at home and abroad. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive functions, emotional state, and the usage of WeChat among community-dwelling older adults, and explore the relationship among them. Thus with the expection that promoting cognitive of the older adults by intelligent electronic devices and related software will be widespread concerned. At the same time, it also provides a useful reference for the cognitive function training of older people.Methods: With the collaboration of Community Hospital, a total of 2136 senior citizens aged over 60 from 10 central communities were recruited in Chaoyang District, Beijing (2041 valid samples). The general demographic data, living habits and health status were collected, and the neuropsychological tests were carried out simultaneously. The subjects reported the usage of WeChat independently, including the frequency of usage and the length of each time, and gender, age, years of education and occupation as covariates in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Digit Span Test (DST), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) were used to examine cognitive functions and emotion. Meanwhile, the relationship of each other was assessed by statistical analysis methods such as analysis of covariance, independent samples t-test, and regression analysis.Results: The rate of cognitive impairment and depression were 8.0% and 12.9% respectively. The total scores of MMSE, VFT, DST and DSST were significantly lower in the ≥75 age group than in the 60-64, 65-69 and 70-74 age groups. In ≤6 years education group, the total scores of MMSE, VFT, DST and DSST were lower than in 6.5-12 years education group significantly, and the scores of 6.5-12 years education group were lower than ≥12.5 years education group. The manual labor group was significantly lower than the mental labor group in all of the cognitive functions scores. And the DSST scores of female were higher than male. In CESD total scores, 70-74 and ≥75 age groups were higher than 60-64 and 65-69 age groups. And the depression dimension scores of female were higher than male. The scores of cognitive functions in the WeChat using group were significantly higher than those in the non-WeChat group, and the total scores of CESD, depression, positive emotion, physical symptoms and activity retardation were significantly lower than those in the non-WeChat group (P﹤0.001). After controlling gender, age, years of education and nature of occupation, the hierarchical regression showed that WeChat using could predict the scores of MMSE, VFT, DST and DSST positively (β=0.14, 0.15, 0.11, 0.17, P﹤0.001), and predict the total score of CESD and the scores of depression, positive emotion, physical symptom and activity retardation negatively (β=-0.10, -0.08, -0.07, -0.10, P﹤0.01). Besides that, there were gender differences between WeChat using and VFT and DSST scores, as well as differences in years of education and occupation in MMSE scores. And there were no significant differences in scores of cognitive function, CESD total and dimension scores among different WeChat using total time groups.The scores of MMSE, VFT, DST and DSST could be predicted negatively by emotional state (β=-0.08, -0.06, -0.05, -0.04, P﹤0.05). And the total scores of CESD played a partial mediating role between WeChat using and overall cognitive and verbal functions, with the contribution rate of 3% and 1.8% respectively.Conclusion: (1) The cognitive functions of the community-dwelling older adults in Beijing were different by gender, age, years of education and occupation, and were different by gender and age in depression. (2) The higher scores of cognitive functions and emotional state were related to the older people who use WeChat. (3) There were gender differences in WeChat using and verbal function and processing speed, as well as distinct total cognitive function in WeCchat using and years of education and oppucation. (4) There was no significant correlation of cognitive functions and emotional state among different WeChat using total time groups. (5) The total scores of CESD were associated with cognitive functions negatively, and played the mediating role of WeChat using and total cognitive and verbal function. |
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