其他摘要 | Adolescents are the hope and future of their family and society. Due to physical growth and cognitive development, adolescents will experience huge changes. Researches have found that adolescence is also a period of high incidence of depression, and it is of great practical significance to explore the influential factors and mechanism of adolescent depression in response to the special Service Plan for Exploring Depression Prevention and Treatment released by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in 2020.The study aimed to explore the influence of stress on depressive symptoms in adolescents, and to explore the mediating mechanism between stress and depressive symptoms of resilience and emotion . Firstly, cross-sectional data were used to investigate the effect of stress on depressive symptoms in high school students and the mediating effect of resilience. Then, the longitudinal data collected by the diary method was used to explore the influence of stress on depression, and whether resilience and emotion could play a mediating role in the influence of stress on depression.This study includes the following two sub-studies: Study 1: The influence of stress on depressive symptoms in high school students. A total of 416 students from two high schools in Shandong Province participated in the study 1, with an average age of 16.72±2.09 years old. Male students accounted for 43.51% and female students for 56.49%(Sample 1). Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), the 9-item Chinese version of CES-D and the resilience scale for adolescents were used in the study. The study 1 aimed at investigating the current situation of stress, depressive symptoms and resilience of high school students, and analyzing the demographic differences of them and verifying the mediating role of resilience between stress and depression. SPSS 21.0 and the process in it were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that high school students have a higher rate of depression (30.50%). The results of the mediating model showed that stress not only increased the of depression level directly, but also played a role in depressive symptoms through the loss of resilience, which played a partial mediating role between stress and depression.Study2: a daily diary study of perceived stress, resilience and depressive symptoms. The sample 2 used by study 2, which was collected by diary method. Based on sample 1, a total of 47 valid participants were collected in a convenient sampling method , with an average age of 17.09±0.50 years old. Male students accounted for 40.40% and female students for 59.60%(Sample 2). The survey lasted for 6 days and 272 questionnaires were collected. In the first 3 days, the final exam was held. After the examination, the summer vacation began. On the fifth day, a parent-teacher conference was held for the final exam. The PSS-10 perceived stress scale, the six-item short mood scale, the 9-item Chinese version of CES-D and the resilience scale for adolescents were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Study 2 aimed to investigate whether resilience and emotion could play multiple mediating roles in the influence of perceived stress on depression, and to explore the growth curve characteristics of high school students' perceived stress and emotion over time. It also aimed to explore how perceived stress dynamically affects emotion. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that high school students' stressors reported the most frequent events related to exams and study, regardless of whether they were taking exams or not. Otherwise, high school students experienced the most stress from family conflicts and interpersonal interactions. The research has also shown that stress and emotion can be influenced by daily situational changes. The perceived stress increased linearly with time, with the highest perceived stress on the first day of the exam, and then decreased gradually. Emotion grew in an inverted U-shaped curve and peaked in the middle of the survey. The change of emotion and perceived stress was not completely synchronous, and the change of emotion was hysteresis. In the process of its independent development, perceived stress has a negative impact on emotion by reducing the initial positive degree (intercept) and accelerating the rate of negative emotional changes (slope). In addition, the results showed that perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with emotion, no matter between person or within person. Between person, perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience, and significantly positively correlated with depression. There was a significant negative correlation between emotion and depressive symptoms and a significant positive correlation between resilience and depression. However, the multiple mediating roles of resilience and emotion in the influence of perceived stress on depressive symptoms are not valid.Conclusion: Stress and emotion were unstable with the change of situation. The initial level and change rate for emotion was significantly related to perceived stress. In the cross-sectional study, resilience was a mediator between stress and depression. However, resilience and emotion have no multiple mediation effects on perceived stress and depressive symptoms between person. This review proposed that the mechanism of stress on depressive symptoms remains some unanswered questions which are worth studying in the future. |
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