The study investigated the effect of parenting practice on trait anxiety of adolescents, and explored whether effortful control played a mediating role, gender and grade of teenagers played a moderating role. The subjects of the study were middle school students. The samples were 1279 students aged 12–18, who selected from the national youth mental health database, which belonged to the INSTITUE OF PSYCHOLOGY, CAS. Analyses were conducted in the sample of. In the study, adolescents rated their trait anxiety using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and effortful control using the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ).Parenting practice was assessed through parenting scales of the Iowa Youth and Families Project.SPSS 22.0 and Amos 24 software was used for data analysis. The overall situation and differences of the three variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics, variance analysis, paired sample and independent sample t test. The relationship between the three variables was studied by correlation analysis. Structural equation model was used to verify the mediating effect, and multi-group analysis was used to verify the moderating role. The results were as follows: (1) The level of adolescents’ trait anxiety tended to increase with the age, and significant gender differences only occurred in grade one and two of middle school. (2) Effortful control of adolescents partially mediated the relationships between positive parenting, negative maternal parenting with trait anxiety of adolescents. (3) Effortful control of adolescents completely mediated the relationships between negative paternal parenting with trait anxiety of adolescents. (4) The gender and grade of adolescent only played a moderating role in the direct path, and both of the first and second half of the mediating path of maternal parenting on trait anxiety of adolescents. These results draw the following conclusions: Both positive parenting and negative maternal parenting affected trait anxiety of adolescents directly and indirectly by effortful control; the negative paternal parenting only affected trait anxiety of adolescents indirectly by effortful control; in the direct path of mediating model, the direct effect of maternal inductive reasoning on trait anxiety of boys was greater than girls, and the direct effect of maternal hostility on trait anxiety of boys was smaller than girls; in the first half of the mediating model, the positive effect of maternal inductive reasoning on effortful control of boys was greater, and the negative effect of maternal hostility on effortful control of boys was greater; in the indirect effect of positive maternal parenting on trait anxiety of adolescents, the effect of senior three students’ effortful control on trait anxiety was greater than grade one and two of middle school, and the direct effect of negative maternal parenting on trait anxiety of middle school, which was not exist on senior three students.
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