| 其他摘要 | The option framing effect is a common decision bias. In the context of consumption choice, it refers to the finding that consumers asked to reject options of a product when all are by default included tend to select more options than those asked to add options when all are by default not included. This effect is widely used by manufacturers and marketers to manipulate consumers’ purchasing behavior, increasing the likelihood of irrational consumption. We assume that the effect can be alleviated or eliminated when decision makers are given more information and can process information more deeply.In our study, 10 elective courses were provided to high school students and college students as decision-making options, and the processing degree of information was manipulated by means of interest evaluation and feedback, and different amounts of recommendation information were provided, so as to investigate the decision-making gap of elective courses under the framework of addition and subtraction.From the perspective of information, experiment 1 requires participants to read information related to the decision-making task to different degrees before making a decision, so as to improve participants' involvement and explore the influence of self-correlation of information on course decision making under the addition and subtraction frameworks.2 (frame type: addition frame / subtraction frame) × 3 (self-correlation degree: general correlation / special correlation / control group) was adopted for inter-subject design. The results show that :(1) there are significant differences in the selection of elective courses in different frameworks, including more elective courses under the subtraction framework;(2) in the special correlation group, that is, the course information recommended by the reading assessment is more effective in weakening the influence of option frame effect on course selection than reading general background information.Experiment 2 manipulated the information type of assessment recommendation from the perspective of development, and investigated whether the information type of assessment recommendation in high school and college respectively weakened the option framing effect, and whether the two stages weakened to the same degree.2 (frame type: addition frame/subtraction frame) ×4 (evaluation recommendation type: recommended fit/recommended unsuitable/accurate recommendation/control group) × 2(development stage: high school/university) was adopted for inter-subject design.The results show that :(1) different types of course information recommended by evaluation and evaluation also have different weakening effects on the option frame effect, among which the weakening degree is the greatest under the condition of accurate recommendation (that is, the condition of suitable recommendation and inappropriate recommendation).(2) compared with college students, high school students are more likely to avoid the influence of option frame effect under the recommendation of evaluation information.Experiment 3, based on the ecological perspective, requires participants to truly evaluate their personal abilities and interests, and then make intelligent recommendation of relevant course information based on their evaluation results.In the evaluation context with high participation, it is further verified whether the weakening effect of evaluation recommendation type on the option frame effect is enhanced due to the increase in the authenticity of evaluation operation.2 (frame type: addition frame/subtraction frame) × 4 (evaluation recommendation type: recommended fit/recommended unfit/accurate recommendation/control group) was adopted for inter-test design. The results show that :(1) under the evaluation scenario with high participation, the weakening degree of the option frame effect of the accurate recommendation group is further enhanced;(2) with accurate recommendation, the number of suitable courses increases, while the number of unsuitable courses decreases, that is, the decision result will be significantly affected by the evaluation and recommendation. These results show that processing more information and processing it more deeply can significantly reduce the option framing effect in decision making. Our study demonstrates that in the field of education, decision biases can be reduced by effective interventions, and it also lends further support to personalized teaching from the perspective of rational decision making. |
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