中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

奖赏加工异常是网络游戏成瘾（Internet gaming disorder， IGD）核心特征之一，近期研究结合认知神经科学技术对IGD的神经机制进行探讨，发现IGD与药物成瘾存在相似的神经基础。但仍然存在较多争议，本文从奖赏类型、奖赏加工阶段梳理了IGD人群奖赏加工的研究进展。IGD人群在游戏相关线索下，奖赏预期（reward anticipation）阶段的奖赏系统激活可能与注意偏向，情绪体验和渴求感增加有关。同时，IGD人群对自然奖赏表现出较为一致的低敏感性，该特征主要出现在结果评估（outcome evaluation）阶段。未来研究可以排除共病因素、结合生动的游戏奖赏刺激，进一步探究奖赏期待和结果评估异常如何推动了IGD的发展。

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunctional reward processing. Recent studies combined experimental techniques of cognitive neuroscience to explore the neural mechanisms of IGD, and the existing results seem to indicate that the neural basis underlying IGD resembles those of drug addiction. However, the conclusions of the current research are still controversial. The differences were not surprising for two main reasons. One is that there is evidence of specificity to reward processing of different types, which means gaming addicts assign higher incentive value to gaming-related cues than other rewards. The appeal of game is that instant and unexpected rewards give the player a thrill that is hard to experience in reality. Besides, the stage of reward processing is another important factor. The game player can learn the game skill according to the feedback of practice again and again and achieve the upper level, in this way, reward processing can be decomposed into two phases: reward anticipation and outcome evaluation. Reward anticipation refers to the emotional and motivational states triggered by reward-related cues, while outcome evaluation refers to the hedonic experience when rewards are obtained. Thus, this review has compared different types of rewards and discussed different stages of reward processing among IGD patients based on the existing researches. We found the hyperactive reward system of IGD patients in reward anticipation may be associated with attention bias, emotional experience, and craving. In contrast, IGD patients show blunt activity to primary reward, especially the outcome evaluation. In order to conduct a more comprehensive and in-depth study on reward processing in IGD, further studies are required to eliminate comorbid subjects, use gaming rewards with higher ecological validity, and explore how the impairment of outcome evaluation contributes to the development of addictive behaviors.

国家自然科学基金委员会国际（地区）合作与交流项目（32161133004）资助