中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫苗上市前的疫苗犹豫发生情况及相关影响因素,为在疫苗上市早期采取针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法自行设计调查问卷并通过网络发放,比较疫苗犹豫者和接受者在社会人口学信息、对新冠肺炎的认知情况、对疫苗的一般性认知情况,以及信心、自满和便利性等维度的差异。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归方法分析新冠肺炎疫苗犹豫的相关影响因素。结果在收到的406份有效答卷中,疫苗完全接受者171人(42.1%)、犹豫者211人(52.0%)、完全拒绝者24人(5.9%)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,降低疫苗犹豫的因素包括调查对象的健康状况(慢性病vs.健康,OR=4.415,95%CI:1.176～16.574)、接种时间便利(OR=2.262,95%CI:1.625～3.147)、对疫苗安全性的信任(OR=2.188,95%CI:1.493～3.206)、医务工作者自身接种行为(OR=1.775,95%CI:1.174～2.682)、医务工作者对于疫苗的中立态度(OR=1.635,95%CI:1.139～2.349)、广告宣传(OR=1.613,95%CI:1.102～2.361)、接种后出行便利(OR=1.400,95%CI:1.034～1.897),增强疫苗犹豫的因素为自觉低感染风险(OR=0.630,95%CI:0.477～0.832)。结论加强对健康人群的疫苗宣传力度、增加接种点的服务时间、强调疫苗的安全性、提高医务工作者的接种率、通过多种媒体进行宣传、适当推出接种后的出行便利政策、以及强调目前存在的感染风险等,是降低新冠肺炎疫苗犹豫可能的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination before marketing and its related determinants so as to provide a scientific basis for specific countermeasures of vaccine hesitancy in the early stage. Methods An Internet survey with a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to make comparisons between the fully accepted and the hesitant in the aspects of social demographic profile，knowledge about COVID-19，general knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine，and dimensions like confidence，complacency and convenience. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the related factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Of 406 valid questionnaires received，the fully accepted，the hesitant and the fully refused were 171(42.1 %)，211(52.0%)and 24(5.9%)，respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors bringing down the vaccine hesitancy were the health status of respondents(having a chronic disease vs. being healthy，OR=4.415，95%CI: 1.176-16.574), convenience of vaccination time (OR=2. 262，95% CI: 1.625-3.147), confidence of the vaccine safety(OR=2.188，95 % CI :1.493-3.206)，vaccination of health care providers(OR=1.775，95 % CI: 1.174-2. 682)，health care providers’neutral attitude towards the vaccine (OR=1.635，95%CI: 1.139-2.349)，propaganda and advertisement(OR=1.613，95%CI: 1.102-2.361)，and convenience of travel after vaccination(OR=1.400，95 % CI: 1.034 1.897)，while the factor that enhanced the vaccine hesitancy was perception of low infection risk(OR=0.630，95 % CI: 0.477- 0.832).Conclusion Enhancing publicity of the vaccine among healthy people，extending service hours of vaccination sites emphasizing safety of the vaccine，improving the vaccine coverage of health care providers，publicizing through a variety of media，launching policies of travel convenience after vaccination，and stressing the risk of infection at present are possible countermeasures to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

科技部国家重点研发项目“新型冠状病毒传播的流行病学及防控策略评价研究”(2020YFC0846300)