社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

为遏制新冠疫情的快速蔓延，国内国外都陆续下达封城和封国的临时政令。新冠疫情的高传染性使得每一个体对隔离政令的遵守都至关重要。但有调查显示，社会经济地位不同的群体具有不同的隔离意愿，其中“穷人”的隔离意愿低。为了探究背后的心理机制，本研究结合进化心理学生命史理论的视角，提出并验证人们在新冠疫情的环境下所采取的不同的快慢策略是不同社会经济地位的群体有着不同隔离意愿的内在机制，并进一步分别在中国版图以及世界版图中，考虑不同省份以及国家的地域层面因素，考察该作用机制的社会生态差异。

为探究省份环境恶劣程度对个体社会经济地位-个体快慢策略-个体隔离意愿中介效应的调节作用。研究 1 在新冠疫情期间，以线上问卷调研形式，在中国31 个省市自治区搜集了 16566 份被试的数据。通过外部数据库，引入了省份人均 GDP 和气温需求指标作为衡量生命史理论下描述宏观环境恶劣程度的指标。研究发现，快慢策略可能是社会经济地位预测个体隔离意愿的心理机制，社会经济地位高的群体更倾向于在疫情中使用快策略，更愿意隔离；反之，社会地位低的群体则在疫情中使用慢策略，不愿意隔离。相对于非疫情状态，出现了策略加快的现象。地域层面分析发现，个体所在的宏观环境严苛程度会对社会经济地位与快慢策略之间的关系产生调节作用。当省份地区资源越贫瘠，会更倾向于在疫情下使用快策略，当气温条件越苛刻，也更倾向于在疫情下使用快策略。

为探究国家环境恶劣程度对个体社会经济地位-个体快慢策略-个体隔离意愿中介效应的调节作用。在新冠疫情期间，研究 2 以线上问卷调研形式，在全世界范围内的 17 个来自亚欧非大洲国家搜集了共计 9701 份被试的数据。通过外部数据库，引入了国家人均 GDP 和气温需求指标作为衡量生命史理论下描述宏观环境恶劣程度的指标。研究 2 从跨国家地区范围内再次对结论进行验证，数据分析结果显示，在经济资源匮乏的国家，个体社会经济地位水平与快慢策略之间的没有明显的预测关系，也就是说，个人的贫富差别不会导致在疫情下产生不同的快慢策略；在经济资源丰富的国家，个体社会经济地位水平越低，在新冠疫情下就更愿意采取慢策略，反之，则在新冠疫情下就更愿意采取快策略。而气温需求对没有调节作用。

社会经济地位与快慢策略之间的关系在国内国际具有一致性。地区资源丰富程度对二者关系的调节作用在国内国际具有一致性。这说明在国内研究中所发现的快慢策略的中介机制具有向世界范围内进行推广的可能性但在不同国家地区间还存在差异。

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, governments have decided to shut down cities or countries. Given the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, compliance with quarantine is critical. However, past studies have shown that individuals with different socioeconomic status (SES) have different level of obedience towards quarantine. Individuals with low SES have a low level of obedience towards quarantine. To explore the underlying psychological mechanism, the current study incorporates the Life History Theory from the perspective of evolutionary psychology to explain how SES relates to quarantine obedience. We hypothesize that fast-slow strategy would mediate the relationship between SES and quarantine obedience during the COVID19 outbreak. We further hypothesize that macro-level social environmental harshness would moderate the above mediation effect. We conducted two studies. Study-1 investigated how province-level environmental harshness would moderate the SESslow/fast strategy-quarantine obedience among individuals living in China. Study-2 investigated how nation-level environmental harshness would moderate the SESslow/fast strategy-quarantine obedience among individuals around the globe.

In Study-1, we distributed online questionnaires during COVID-19 pandemic to 16566 individuals living in China. Living locations of respondents dispersed in 31 provinces in China. We acquired information about province-level GDP Per Capital and Climate Demand from external databases. Result suggested that there was a significant mediation effect of fast-slow strategy between SES and quarantine obedience. That is to say, individuals with high SES are more inclined to develop a fast strategy in the epidemic and are more willing to isolate. On the contrary, the low SES of the group develop a slow strategy, unwilling to isolate. Besides，compared to the non-epidemic time, there is a sign of strategy acceleration. We also found that the province-level environment harshness moderated the relationship between SES and fast-slow strategy. When the provinces are short of resources, fast strategy are adopted during the epidemic, so as people do when the climate conditions are harsher.

In Study-2, we distributed online questionnaires during COVID-19 pandemic to individuals living in Asia, Europe and Africa. Living locations of respondents dispersed in 17 countries globewide. We acquired information about nation-level GDP Per Capital and Climate Demand from external databases. The results suggested that in resource-rich countries, SES did not have significant predictive effect over fastslow strategy. However, we found a moderating role of environmental harshness on the relationship between SES and slow/fast strategy. That is to say, in countries with rich economic resources, individuals with lower SES are more likely to adopt a slow strategy under the COVID-19 pandemic, while in countries short of economic resources, SES can not influence slow/fast strategy . Incorporating results from both Study-1 and 2, our findings suggested that the mediating mechanism of fast and slow strategies has high external validity, in that it holds true both in China and in the globe. Further, we found meaningful differences of the SES-fast/slow strategy linkage in areas with different levels of environmental harshness. could be applied

The relationship between socioeconomic status and fast and slow strategy is consistent at home and abroad, as are the moderating effect of regional resource richness on this relationship between the two. This indicates that the mediating mechanism of fast and slow strategies found in domestic studies has the possibility to be extended to the world, but there are still differences among different regions.